SSC CHSL Topic Wise Study Material – General Intelligence – Semantic Analogy
Contents
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Analogy means similarity or bearing a resemblance. An analogy is a comparison using two things that are similar to the two other things, being compared. It is the inference that if two or more things agree with one another in some respect they will probably agree in other aspects also.
Analogy is a method of processing information that compares the similarities between new and understood concept, then uses those similarities to gain understanding of the new concept.
In dealing with analogy question, the following rules should be observed
- Analyse the relationship between the question pair i.e., the pair before double colon (::).
- Look for the pair of words among the answer choices with a similar relationship.
- If more than one answer choice seems to fit, re-examine the relation in the question pair.
- Eliminate answer that do not appear to be the best.
- Parts of speech must be the same in the related words.
Word Analogy
In word analogy, candidates have to find the relationship between given words in a pair.
Kinds of Relationships
Quantity and Unit
Example: Length : Metre. Metre is the unit of measuring length.
Some more examples are given below
- Mass : Kilogram
- Area : Hectare
- Time : Seconds
- Angle : Radian
- Current : Ampere
- Power : Watt
- Energy : Joule
- Work : Joule
- Resistance : Ohm
- Magnetic field : Oersted
- Pressure : Pascal
- Temperature : Degree
Worker and Working Place
Example: Chef : Kitchen. A chef works in a kitchen.
Some more examples are given below
- Farmer : Field
- Waiter : Restaurant
- Engineer : Site
- Worker : Factory
- Worker and Product
- Doctor : Hospital
- Lawyer : Court
- Umpire : Pitch
- Scientist : Laboratory
- Sailor : Ship
- Gambler : Casino
- Clerk : Office
- Artist : Theatre
- Teacher : School
- Pilot : Cockpit
Worker and Product
Example: Mason : Wall. A mason builds a wall.
Some more examples are given below
- Farmer : Crop
- Carpenter : Furniture
- Goldsmith : Ornaments
- Chef: Food
- Choreographer : Ballet
- Architect : Design
- Animal and Young One
- Author : Book
- Tailor: Clothes
- Cobbler : Shoes
- Editor: Newspaper
Animal and Young One
Example: Caw : Calf. Calf is the young one of the cow.
Some more examples are given below
- Horse : Pony
- Sheep : Lamb
- Hen : Chicken
- Duck : Duckling
- Butterfly : Caterpillar
- Cat : Kitten
Instrument and Measurement
Example: Barometer : Pressure. Barometer is an instrument used to measure pressure.
- Some more examples are given below
- Thermometer : Temperature
- Seismograph : Earthquakes
- Sphygmomanometer : Blood Pressure
- Hygrometer : Humidity
- Odometer : Speed
- Ammeter : Current
Male and Female
Example: Horse : Mare. Mare is the female horse.
Some more examples are given below
- Dog : Bitch
- Stag : Doe
- Gentleman : Lady
- Nephew : Niece
- Lion : Lioness
- Tiger : Tigress
Study and Topic
Example Ornithology : Birds. Ornithology is the study of birds.
Some more examples are given below
- Seismology : Earthquakes
- Pedology : Soil
- Onomatology : Names
- Orography : Mountains
- Astrology : Future
- Zoology : Aquarium
- Palaeography : Writings
- Paleontology : Fossils
- Haematology : Blood
- Cardiology : Heart
Product and Raw Material
Example: Mason : Wall. A mason builds a wall.
- Pathology : Diseases
- Entomology : Insects
- Anthropology : Man
- Botany : Plants
Individual and Class
Example Lizard : Reptile. Lizard belongs to the class of reptiles.
Some more examples are given below
- Man : Mammal
- Ostrich : Bird
- Whale : Mammal
- Rat: Rodent
- Butterfly : Insect
- Snake : Reptile
Reference Corner
1. Select the related word/letters/ number from the given alternatives. SSC (10 + 2) 2017
RESISTANCE : OHM :: CURRENT : ?
(a) Faraday
(b) Radian
(c) Ampere
(c) Volt
Answer: (c) The unit of resistance is ohm, similarly the unit of current is ampere.
Directions (Q. Nos. 2-15) Select the related word from the given alternatives.
2. Eyes : Tears :: ? SSC (10 + 2) 2015
(a) Hunger : Bread
(b) Volcano : Lava
(c) Heart: Artery
(d) Sea : Water
Answer: (b) As, Tears imerge from Eyes, similarly Lava imerges from Volcano.
3. Perch : Fresh water : Salt water SSC (10+2) 2015
(a) Frog
(b) Cod
(c) Snake
(d) Crocodile
Answer: (b) As, Perch is found in Fresh water, in the same way Cod is found in Salt water.
4. Vacation : Holiday :: Vocation : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2015
(a) Money
(b) Pleasure
(c) Degree
(d) Career
Answer: (d) As, Vacation is similar to Holiday, in the same way Vocation is similar to Career.
5. Doctor : Hospital:: Teacher : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2014
(a) School
(b) Industry
(c) Field
(d) Laboratory
Answer: (a) As, Doctor works in Hospital. Similarly, Teacher works in School.
6. 1st Prime Minister of India : Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru :: 1st President of India : ? SSC (10+2) 2014
(a) Dr. Zakir Hussain
(b) Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
(c) Dr. S Radhakrishnan
(d) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: (d) As, Jawaharlal Nehru was the 1 st Prime Minister of India. Similarly, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the 1st President of India.
7. International Literacy Day : September 8 :: International Women’s day : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2014
(a) 22nd April
(b) 4th November
(c) 8th March
(d) 26th June
Answer: (c) As, every year International Literacy Day is celebrated on September 8. Similarly, every year . International Women’s Day is celebrated on March 8.
8. ZX : AC :: VT : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2014
(a) AB
(b) AE
(c) EG
(d) DF
Answer: (c)
9. Maharashtra : India :: Texas : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2014
(a) Canada
(b) Mexico
(c) Brazil
(d) USA
Answer: (d) As, Maharashtra is the state of India, same as Texas is the state of USA.
10. Qualm : Nausea :: Bum : ? SSC (10+2) 2014
(a) Fresh
(b) Sear
(c) Sensible
(d) Wet
Answer: (b) As, Qualm is related to Nausea, same as Burn is related to Sear.
11. Heart : Cardiologist :: Kidney : ? SSC (10+2) 2014
(a) Endocrinologist
(b) Orthodontist
(c) Nephrologist
(d) Neurologist
Answer: (c) As, heart related doctor known as cardiologist, same as kidney related doctor known as nephrologist.
12. Smell : Flower :: Taste : ? SSC (10+2) 2013
(a) Water
(b) Salt
(c) Food
(d) Sweet
Answer: (c) ‘Smell’ is founded in ‘flower’ and ‘Taste’ is founded in ‘food’.
13. Introvert: Extrovert :: ? SSC (10 + 2) 2013
(a) Angle : Tangent
(b) Extreme : Interim
(c) Against: Favour
(d) Action : Law
Answer: (c) Introvert is antonym of Extrovert. Similarly, Against is antonym of Favour.
14. Smoke : Pollution :: War : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2013
(a) Peace
(b) Victory
(c) Treaty
(d) Destruction
Answer: (d)
15. Chair : Wood :: ?
(a) Book: Print
(b) Mirror : Glass
(c) Plate : Food
(d) Purse : Money
Answer: (b) As chair is made of wood, similarly mirror is made of glass.
Practice Exercise
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5) In each of the following questions, there is a certain relationship between two given words on one side of (::) and one word is given on another side of (::) while another word is to be found from the given alternatives, having the same relation with this word as the words of the given pair bear. Choose the correct alternative
1. Good : Bad :: Virtue : ?
(a) Blame
(b) Sin
(c) Despair
(d) Vice
2. Melt : Liquid :: Freeze : ?
(a) Ice
(b) Condense
(c) Solid
(d) Crystal
3. Fear : Threat
(a) Compulsion :: Anger : ?
(b) Panic
(c) Provocation
(d) Force
4. Scrap : Food :: Lees : ?
(a) Bread
(b) Tea
(c) Wine
(d) Rice
5. Safe : Secure :: Protect : ?
(a) Conserve
(b) Sure
(c) Guard
(d) Lock
Directions (Q. Nos. 6-9) The following questions consist of two words each that have a certain relationship to each other, followed by pairs of words. Select the lettered pair that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.
6. Coin : Mint
(a) Hay : Stable
(b) Wine : Brewery
(c) Grain : Field
(d) Book : Publisher
7. Vehicle : Cart
(a) Music : Jazz
(b) Man : Child
(c) Country : State
(d) Ocean : Sea
8. Hope : Aspire
(a) Love : Elevate
(b) Film : Flam
(c) Fib : Lie
(d) Fake : Ordinary
9. Deplete : Enervate
(a) Strengthen : Weak
(b) Invigorate : Tired
(c) Tighten : Loosen
(d) Exhaust: Enfeeble
Directions (Q. Nos. 10-12) In each of the following questions, the first word have a definite relationship. Choose one word of the given four alternatives which will fill in the blank space and show the same relationship with the third word as between the first two.
10. Abduction’ is related to ‘Kidnapping’ in the same way as ‘Larceny’ is related to … ?
(a) Sin
(b) Crim
(c) Blackmail
(d) Theft
11. “Institute’ is related to ‘Academy’ in Hie same way as ‘Decree’is related to … ?
(a) Blame
(b) Judge
(c) Court
(d) Mandate
12. ‘Highbrow’ is related to ‘Cultivated’ in the same way as ‘Suave’ is related to … ?
(a) Broad-minded
(b) Urbane
(c) Elegant
(d) Stylish
Directions (Q. NOS. 13-20) In the questions given below, select the related letter/word/number from the given alternatives.
13. Play : Actor :: Concert : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2012
(a) Symphony
(b) Musician
(c) Piano
(d) Percussion
14. Book : Paper :: Bread : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2012
(a) Flour
(b) Biscuit
(c) Cake
(d) Butter
15. Fodder : Cattle :: ? SSC (10 + 2) 2011
(a) Pen : Ink
(b) Ball: Stick
(c) Fruit: Juice
(d) Grass : Horses
16. Right : Wrong :: Pleasure : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2011
(a) Happy
(b) Joy
(c) Wonderful
(d) Displeasure
17. Stammering : Speech :: Deafness : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2011
(a) Ear
(b) Hearing
(c) Noise
(d) Commotion
18. Interrupt : Speak :: ? SSC (10 + 2) 2011
(a) Shout: Yell
(b) Intrude: Enter
(c) Interfere: Clash
(d) Telephone : Telegraph
19. Life : Death :: Beginning : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2010
(a) Era
(b) End
(c) Time
(d) Commence
20. Leg : Knee :: Arm : ? SSC (10 + 2) 2010
(a) Hand
(b) Wrist
(c) Elbow
(d) Sleeve
Answers
Hints and Solutions
1. The words in each pair are antonyms of each other.,
2. Second is the physical state obtained as a result of the process denoted by the first.
3. First arises from the second.
4. First is the left over of the second.
5. The words in each pair are synonyms of each other.
6. ‘Coin’ is synonym of ‘Mint’. Similarly, ‘Wine’ is synonym of ’Brewery’.
7. ‘Vehicle’ is synonym of ’Cart’. Similarly, ‘Music’ is synonym of ‘Jazz’.
8. ’Hope’ is Synonym of ‘Aspire’. Similarly ’Fib’ is synonym is ‘Lie’.
9. ‘Deplete’ is synonym of ‘Enervate’. Similarly, ‘Exhaust’ is synonym of ‘Enfeeble’.
10. ‘Abduction’ is synonym of ‘Kidnapping’. Similarly, ’Larceny’ is synonym of ’Theft’.
11 ’Institute is synonym of ’Academy’. Similarly, ‘Decree’ is synonym of ’Mandate’.
12. ‘Highbrow’ is synonym of ‘Cultivated’. Similarly, ‘Suave’ is synonym of ’Urbane’.
13. As ‘Play’ is perform by an ‘Actor’. Similarly, ’Concert’ is perform by ‘Musician’.
14. As ‘Book’ is made by ‘Paper’. Similarly, ‘Bread’ is made by ‘Flour’.
15. As ‘Fodder’ is eaten by ‘Cattle’. Similarly, ‘Grass’ is eaten by ’Horses’. ,
16. As antonym of ’Right’ is ’Wrong’. Similarly, antonym of ‘Pleasure’ is ’Displeasure’.
17. As ‘Stammering’ related to ‘Speech’. Similarly, ’Deafness’ related to ‘Hearing’.
18. As ‘Interrupt’ is related to ’Speak’. Similarly, ‘Intrude’ is related to ‘Enter’.
19. As, ‘Death’ is opposite to ’Life’. Similarly, ‘End’ is opposite to ’Beginning’.
20. As ‘Leg’ is joint with ‘Knee’. Similarly, ‘Arm’ is joint with ‘Elbow’.
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