General Science for Competitive Exams (Basics)

General Science for Competitive Exams (Basics)

Amniocentesis: It is a specialized test that involves taking a sample of amniotic fluid from mother’s womb and examining it in the laboratory to see, whether the baby has any serious abnormalities.

Bipolar Disorder: Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with periods of depression.

Bolometer: It is an instrument used to measure infrared radiation or any other form of radiant energy.

Carbon Footprints: A ‘Carbon Footprint’ is the total amount of C02 and other greenhouse gases, emitted over the full lifecycle of a process or product.

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): It is a system that use lenses or mirrors to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or solar thermal energy, onto a small area.

Cyborg: A cyborg, also known as a cybernetic organism, is a being with both biological and artificial (e.g., electronic, mechanical or robotic) parts.
Dementia It is a syndrome characterized by impairments in memory and in another areas of thinking, such as the ability to organize thoughts and reason, the ability to use language, or the ability to see accurately the visual world.

Fullerenes (Carbon 60): These are spherical molecules about 1 nm in diameter, comprising 60 carbon atoms arranged as 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons : the configuration of a football.

Graphene: It is an allotrope of carbon, whose structure is one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice.

Ion Milling: It is a process applied to a sample under vacuum, whereby a selected area of the surface can bd bombarded by an energetic beam of ions.

Metamaterials: It is an expanding field of science, with a vast array of potential uses, spanning defence, security, medicine, data transfer and computing.

Neuroimaging: It includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function/pharmacology of the brain.

Pulsars: Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation.

Radioisotope: When a combination of neutrons and protons, which does not already exist in nature, is produced artificially, the atom will be unstable and is called a Radioactive Isotope or Radioisotope.

Time Travel: It is the concept of moving between different points in time in a manner analogous to moving between different points in space, either sending objects backwards in time to same moment before the present, or sending objects forwards from the present to the future without the need to experience the intervening period.