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Computer Awareness Study Material – Computer Memory

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Computer Awareness Study Material – Computer Memory

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The computer memory is one of the most important elements in a computer system. It stores data and instructions required during the processing of data and output results. Storage may be required for a limited period of time, instantly or for an extended period of time. It also relates to many devices that are responsible for storing data on a temporary or a permanent basis.

Memory Hierarchy
The hierarchical arrangement of storage in current computer architectures is called the memory hierarchy. The computer uses a hierarchy of memory that is organised in a manner to enable the fastest speed and largest capacity of memory as shown in figure.
computer-awareness-study-material-computer-memory-1

Parameters of Memory
Some related parameters of memory are as follows

  1. Storage Capacity It is representative of the size of memory. The capacity of internal memory and main memory can be expressed in terms of number of words or bytes.
  2. Access Modes A memory is comprised of various memory locations. The information from these memory locations can be accessed randomly, sequentially and directly.
  3. Access Time The access time is the time required between the desired modes for a read or write operation till the data is made available or written at the desired location.
  4. Physical Characteristics In this respect, the devices can be categorised into four main categories as electronic, magnetic, mechanical and optical.
  5. Permanence of Storage Its permanence is high for future use in magnetic materials.

Types of Memory
In general, the memory is classified into two categories as follows

  1. Primary memory or Main memory
  2. Secondary memory or Auxiliary memory

Primary Memory
The memory unit that communicates directly with the CPU is called main memory or the internal memory. The primary memory allows the computer to store data for immediate manipulation and to keep track of what is currently being processed.
It is volatile in nature, it means that when the power is turned OFF, the contents of the primary memory are lost forever.

Primary memory can be further classified in two categories which are as follows
Random Access Memory
It is also known as read/write memory, that allows CPU to read as well as write data and instructions into it. RAM (Random Access Memory) is used for the temporary storage of input data, output data and intermediate results. There are two categories of RAM as follows

  • Dynamic RAM (DRAM) It is made up of memory cells where each cell is composed of one capacitor and one transistor. DRAM must be refreshed continually to store information. DRAM is slower, less- expensive and occupies less space on the computer’s motherboard.
  • Static RAM (SRAM) It retains the data as long as power is provided to the memory chip.

It needs not be refreshed periodically. SRAM uses multiple transistors for each memory cell. It does not use capacitor. SRAM is often used as cache memory due to its high speed. SRAM is more expensive than DRAM.

Cache Memory
It is a storage buffer that stores the data which is used more often, temporarily and makes them available to ; CPU at a fast rate.
Cache memory is a very high speed memory placed in between RAM and CPU. It increases the speed of processing.
Cache memory is very expensive, so it is smaller in size. Generally, computers have cache memory of sizes 256 KB to 2 MB.

Read Only Memory
It is also known as non-volatile memory or permanent storage. It does not lose its content when the power is switched OFF. ROM (Read Only Memory) has only read capability, no write capability.
ROM can have data and instructions written to it only one time. Once a ROM chip is programmed at the time of manufacturing, it cannot be reprogrammed or rewritten.

There are three categories of ROM as follow

  • Programmable ROM (PROM) It is also non-volatile in nature. Once a PROM has been programmed, its contents can never be changed. It is one-time programmable device. PROMs are manufactured blank and can be programmed at buffer, final test or in system.
    These types of memories are found in video game consoles, mobile phones, implantable medical devices and high definition multimedia interfaces.
  • Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM) It is similar to PROM, but it can be erased by exposure to strong ultraviolet light, then rewritten.
    So, it is also known as Ultraviolet Erasable Programmable ROM (UVEPROM).
  • Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM) It is similar to EPROM, but it can be erased electrically, then rewritten electrically and the burning process is reversible by exposure to electric pulses. It is the most flexible type of ROM, and is now commonly used for holding BIOS.

Secondary Memory
This memory stores much larger amounts of data and information for extended periods of time. Data in secondary memory cannot be processed directly by the CPU, it must first be copied into primary storage, i.e. RAM.
Secondary storage is used to store data and programs when they are not being processed. It is also non-volatile in nature. Due to this, the data remain in the secondary storage as long as it is not overwritten or deleted by the user. It is a permanent storage, i.e. device.
Secondary memory devices include as follows
computer-awareness-study-material-computer-memory-4

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
It is a non-volatile, random access digital data storage device. HDD is a data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information using rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material. All programs of a computer are installed in hard disk.
computer-awareness-study-material-computer-memory-2
It consists of a spindle that holds non-magnetic flat circular disks, called platters, which hold the recorded data. Each platter requires two read/write heads, that are used to write and read the information from a platter.
All the read/write heads are attached to a single access arm so that they cannot move independently.
computer-awareness-study-material-computer-memory-3
The information is recorded in bands; each band of information is called a track. Each platter has the same number of tracks and a track location that cuts across all platters is called a cylinder.
The tracks are divided into pie-shaped sections known as sectors.

Floppy Disk (Diskette)
It is used to store data but it can store small amount of data and it is slower to access than hard disks. Floppy disk round in shape and a thin plastic disk coated with iron oxide. Data is retrieved or recorded on the surface of the disk through a slot on the envelope. Floppy disk is removable from the drive. Floppy disk is available in three sizes; 8 inch, 5 — inch and 3 – inch.

Magnetic Tape
These tapes are made of a plastic film-type material coated with magnetic materials to store data permanently. Data can be read as well as recorded. It is usually 12.5 mm to 25 mm wide and 500 m to 1200 m long. These can store data in a sequential manner.
The data stored in magnetic tape is in the form of tiny segments of magnetised and demagnetised portion on the surface of the material. Magnetic tapes are durable, can be written, erased and re-written. Magnetic tapes hold the maximum data, which can be accessed sequentially.

Compact Disk
It is the most popular and the least expensive type of optical disk. A CD (Compact Disk) is capable of being used as a data storage device alongwith storing of digital audio. The files are stored on this particular contiguous sectors.
CDs are categorised into three main types as follows

  • CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory)
  • CD-R (Compact Disk- Recordable)
  • CD-RW (Compact Disk- Rewritable)

Digital Video Disk
DVD is also known as Super Density Disk (SDD) or Digital Versatile Disk (DVD). A DVD (Digital Video Disk) is an optical disk storage media manufactured by Philips, Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact disks while having the same dimensions.
Depending upon the disk type, DVD can store several Gigabytes of data (4.7 GB-17.08 GB).
DVDs are primarily used to store music or 6 movies and can be played back on your television or the computer too. They are not rewritable media.
DVDs come in three varieties as follows

  • DVD-ROM(Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory)
  • DVD-R (DVD-Recordable)
  • DVD-RW (DVD-Rewritable)

The rate at which data is written to disk or +;   read from disk is called data transfer rate.
GQ Root directory is the main folder of disk. It 4j contains information about all folders on the ill disk.
Hard disk is a fixed disk, i.e. cannot be t removed from the drive.

Blu-ray Disk
It is an optical disk storage medium designed to recapture the data normally in DVD format. Blu-ray disks (BD) contain 25 GB (23.31 GB) per layer space. The name Blu-ray disk refers to the blue laser used to read the disk, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than the longer- wavelength red laser used in DVDs. Blu-ray can hold almost 5 times more data than a single layer DVD.
The variations in the formats are as follows

  • BD-ROM (Read only)
  • BD-R (Recordable)
  • BD-RW (Rewritable)
  • BD-RE (Rewritable)

Pen/Thumb Drive
Pen drive is also known as flash drive. A flash drive is a data storage device that consists of flash memory (key memory) with a portable USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable, rewritable and much smaller than a floppy disk.
Today, flash drives are available in various storage capacities as 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 4GB, 16GB upto 64 GB. They are widely used as an easy and small medium to transfer and store the information from their computer.

Memory Cards
These are the data storage devices in a clip shaped which can store the data in it. They are commonly used in many electronic devices, including digital cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers.
They are small, re-recordable, easily portable and very light weighted.
Secondary Memory Device and their Storage Method and Capacity

Secondary
Memory Device		 Storage
Method		 Capacity
Floppy Disk (5.25 inch) Magnetic 1.2 MB
Floppy Disk (3.5 inch) Magnetic 1.44 MB
Floppy Disk (8 inch) Magnetic 80 KB to 242 KB
CD-ROM Optical 640 MB to 680 MB
DVD-ROM Optical 4.7 GB to 17 GB
Pen Drive Solid State 1GB to 512 GB
Magnetic Tape Magnetic upto 1 TB

Basic Units of Memory Measurements

1 Bit =       Binary Digit (o or 1)
8 Bits =        1 Byte = 2 Nibble
1024 Bytes =        1 KB (KiloByte)
1024 KB =        1 MB (MegaByte)
1024 MB =        1 GB(Giga Byte)
1024 GB =        1 TB(Tera Byte)
1024 TB =        1 PB(Peta Byte)
1024 PB =       1 EB(Exa Byte)
1024 EB =        1 ZB(Zetta Byte)
1024 ZB =        1 YB (Yotta Byte)
1024 YB =        1 (Bronto Byte)
1024 Brontobyte =        1 (Geop Byte)

QUESTION BANK

1. Which of the following can hold maximum data?

  1. Optical disk
  2. Floppy disk
  3. Magnetic disk inside
  4. Magnetic tape
  5. None of the above

2. Which storage device is mounted on ‘reels’?

  1. Floppy disk
  2. Hard disk
  3. Magnetic tapes
  4. CD-ROM
  5. None of these

3. Which of the following is not an access mode?

  1. Random
  2. Sequential
  3. Continuous
  4. Direct
  5. All of these

4. Frequently-accessed information is held in

  1. hard drive
  2. cache memory
  3. flash memory
  4. read only memory
  5. None of the above

5. In order to reproduce sound a compact disk (CD) audio player uses a

  1. quartz crystal
  2. titanium needle
  3. laser beam
  4. barium titanate ceramic
  5. None of the above

6. Unit of storage capacity is

  1. meters
  2. bit
  3. bus
  4. cubicmeter
  5. None of these

7. Which of the following is nd’t a ROM?

  1. PROM
  2. EPROM
  3. EEPROM
  4. EDPROM
  5. None of these

8. Dynamic RAM consumes ………. power and ………. than static RAM.

  1. more, faster
  2. more, slower
  3. less, slower
  4. less, faster
  5. None of the above

9. Magnetic tape is not practical for applications where data must be quickly recalled because tape is

  1. a random access medium
  2. a sequential access medium
  3. a read only medium
  4. fragile and easily damaged
  5. an expensive storage medium

10. Which of the following is the magnetic storage device?

  1. Hard disk
  2. Compact disk
  3. Audio tapes
  4. All of these
  5. None of these

11. 1 mega byte is equal to

  1. 1000 KB
  2. 1024 kb
  3. 1024 KB
  4. 1000 kb
  5. 1 million bits

12. ………. is the smallest memory measurement unit.

  1. Bit
  2. Nibble
  3. Byte
  4. Mega
  5. Zetta

13. The highest unit of information, computer can understand and process, is known as a

  1. exa byte
  2. zetta byte
  3. yotta byte
  4. bronto byte
  5. geop byte

14. The size of any word/number in a computer is measured in

  1. bits
  2. bytes
  3. meter
  4. litre
  5. None of these

15. Which of the following statements is valid?

  1. 1 KB = 1024 bits
  2. 1 MB = 2048 bits
  3. 1 MB = 1000 kilobits
  4. 1 KB = 1000 bytes
  5. 1 MB = 1024 kilobits

16. A collection of 8 binary digits 0’s or l’s in a string format is known as

  1. bit
  2. byte
  3. kilobyte
  4. kilobit
  5. megabyte

17. All of the following are examples of storage devices except.

  1. Hard disk drives
  2. Printers
  3. Floppy disk drive
  4. Drives
  5. None of these

18. Permanent instructions that the computer uses when it is turned ON and that cannot be changed by other instructions are contained in

  1. ROM
  2. RAM
  3. ALU
  4. SRAM
  5. None of these

19. Which is representative of the size of the memory?

  1. Storage capacity
  2. Access modes
  3. Access time
  4. Permanence storage
  5. Physical storage

20. Which of the following storage media provides sequential access only?

  1. Floppy disk
  2. Magnetic disk
  3. Magnetic tape
  4. Optical disk
  5. None of these

21. On a CD-RW you can

  1. read and write information
  2. only read information
  3. only write information
  4. read, write and rewrite information
  5. None of the above

22. Internal storage is also called main

  1. memory
  2. area
  3. screen
  4. unit
  5. None of these

23. What is called the permanent memory built into your computer?

  1. RAM
  2. ROM
  3. CPU
  4. CD-ROM
  5. None of these

24. An area of computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed is

  1. CPU
  2. memory
  3. storage
  4. file t.
  5. None of these

25. Data on a floppy disk is recorded in rings called

  1. sectors
  2. ringers
  3. rounders
  4. tracks
  5. segments

26. Tape drive provides ………. access to data.

  1. timely
  2. sporadic
  3. random
  4. sequential
  5. None of these

27. Where is data saved permanently?

  1. Memory
  2. Storage
  3. CPU
  4. Printer
  5. None of these

28. How many bits make a half byte?

  1. 2
  2. 4
  3. 6
  4. 8
  5. None of these

29. A track location that cuts across all platters is called a

  1. cylinder
  2. spindle
  3. diskette
  4. platters
  5. sectors

30. The concentric circles on the floppy disk are further divided into

  1. tracks
  2. sectors
  3. cylinders
  4. circles
  5. None of these

31. Which of the following storage devices can be used for storing large backup data?

  1. Floppy disk
  2. Hard disk
  3. Magnetic tape
  4. All of these
  5. None of these

32. Which statement is correct?

  1. Directories can be kept inside a file
  2. Files cannot be kept inside a directory
  3. 1 millisec = 103 sec
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

33. Which of the following is not an example of storage device?

  1. CD
  2. Floppy
  3. Hard disk
  4. RAM
  5. DVD

34. Today the common form of RAM is built with

  1. transistors
  2. vacuum tubes
  3. semi conductors ICs
  4. super conductors ICs
  5. None of the above

35. The advantage of DRAM is

  1. it is cheaper than SRAM
  2. it can store more than that of SRAM
  3. it is faster than SRAM
  4. data can be erased easily in it as compared to SRAM
  5. None of the above

36. Where do you save the data that, your data will remain intact even when the computer is turned OFF?

  1. RAM
  2. Motherboard
  3. Secondary storage device
  4. Primary storage device
  5. None of the above

37. Which of the following is a correct definition of volatile memory?

  1. It does retain its contents at high temperatures
  2. It is to be kept in air-tight boxes
  3. It loses its contents on failure of power supply
  4. It does not lose its contents on failure of power supply
  5. None of the above

38. One thousand bytes represent a

  1. megabyte
  2. gigabyte
  3. kilobyte
  4. terabyte
  5. None of these

39. Which of the following is/are example(s) of magnetic storage media?

  1. Zip disk
  2. CD-ROM
  3. Floppy disk
  4. DVD
  5. Both ‘1’ and ‘3’

40. Which of the following has the largest storage capacity for removable media?

  1. Floppy disk
  2. CD-ROM
  3. DVD
  4. Partitioned space
  5. None of the above

41. When you turn ON the computer, the boot routine will perform

  1. RAM test
  2. disk drive test
  3. memory test
  4. power-on self test
  5. None of these

42. A flat metallic disk that contains a large amount of permanently stored information read optically, is called a

  1. monitor
  2. ALU
  3. CD-ROM
  4. RAM
  5. None of these

43. Storage that retains its data after the power is turned OFF is referred to as

  1. volatile storage
  2. non-volatile storage
  3. sequential storage
  4. direct storage
  5. None of these

44. The term bit is short for [SBI Clerk 2009]

  1. megabyte
  2. binary language
  3. binary digit
  4. binary number
  5. None of these

45. The term……. refers to data storage systems that make it possible for a computer or electronic device to store and retrieve data.  [SBI PO 2010]

  1. retrival technology
  2. input technology
  3. output technology
  4. storage technology
  5. None of these

46. The primary device that a computer uses to store information is [Punjab & Sind Bank Clerk 2010]

  1. TV
  2. storehouse
  3. desk
  4. hard drive
  5. None of these

47. A removable magnetic disk that holds information is                      [SBI PO 2010]

  1. floppy disk
  2. hard drive
  3. monitor
  4. portable
  5. None of these

48. Which of the following is an example of optical disk? [Allahabad Bank PO 2011]

  1. Digital versatile disks
  2. Magnetic disks
  3. Memory disks
  4. Data bus disks
  5. None of the above

49. The CD-ROM drive is used to [Allahabad Bank PO 2011]

  1. play compact disks
  2. play music
  3. install software
  4. control digital information
  5. None of the above

50. Information stored in RAM need to be  [IBPS Clerk 2011]

  1. check
  2. refresh periodically
  3. modify
  4. detecting errors
  5. None of these

51. The storage device used to compensate for the difference in rates of flow of data from one device to another is termed as [SBI PO 2011]

  1. chip
  2. channel
  3. floppy
  4. call
  5. buffer

52. Virtual memory is [SBI Clerk 2011]

  1. an extremely large main memory
  2. an extremely large secondary memory
  3. an illusion of extremely large main memory
  4. a type of memory used in super computers
  5. None of the above

53. The computer abbreviation KB usually means     [IBPS PO 2011]

  1. keyblock
  2. kernelboot
  3. keybyte
  4. ketbit
  5. kilobyte

54. A byte can represent any number between 0 and     [IBPS Clerk 2012]

  1. 2
  2. 255
  3. 256
  4. 1024
  5. 1025

55. The term ‘gigabyte’ refers to [IBPS PO 2012]

  1. 1024 bytes
  2. 1024 kilobytes
  3. 1024 megabytes
  4. 1024 gigabytes
  5. None of these

56. Which of the following memory chip is faster? [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. There is no certainty
  2. DRAM
  3. SRAM
  4. RAM
  5. None of these

57. Cache and main memory will not be able to hold their contents when the power is OFF. They are  [Allahabad Bank PO 2012]

  1. dynamic
  2. static
  3. volatile
  4. non-volatile
  5. faulty

58. Full form of MB is [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. microbytes
  2. megabytes
  3. minibytes
  4. millibytes
  5. kilobit

59. Memory is made up of [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. set of wires
  2. set of circuits
  3. large number of cells
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

60. Floppy disks are organised as [IBPS PO 2012]

  1. files
  2. heads and folders
  3. tracks and sectors
  4. All of these
  5. None of these

61. ………. is the ability of a device to ‘jump’ directly to the requested data. [IBPS Clerk 2012]

  1. Sequential access
  2. Random access
  3. Quick access
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

62. The ……. is the amount of data that a storage device can move from the storage to the computer per second.  [IBPS Clerk 2012]

  1. data migration rate
  2. data digitising rate
  3. data transfer rate
  4. data access rate
  5. None of the above

63. Both the ALU and control section have special purpose storage locations, called   [SSC CHSL 2012]

  1. address
  2. registers
  3. accumulators
  4. bus

64. The capacity of 3.5 inch floppy disk is   [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. 1.40 MB
  2. 1.44 GB
  3. 1.40 GB
  4. 1.45 MB
  5. 1.44 MB

65. Where are programs and data to be used by the computer available? [SSC FCI 2012]

  1. Processing unit
  2. Output
  3. Storage
  4. Input

66………… acts as temporary high speed holding area between the memory and the CPU thereby improving processing capabilities. [IBPS Clerk 2012]

  1. ROM
  2. RAM
  3. Temporary memory
  4. Cache memory
  5. Flash memory

67. How many bytes are there in one gigabyte?  [SSC FCI 2012]

  1. 103 bytes
  2. 106 bytes
  3. 109 bytes
  4. 1012 bytes

68. Which of the following is the smallest measure of storage?           [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. Terra byte
  2. Gigabyte
  3. Kilobyte
  4. Megabyte
  5. Byte

69. A byte is a collection of [IBPS Clerk 2012]

  1. four bits
  2. six bits
  3. eight bits
  4. ten bits
  5. twelve bits

70. Kilobyte equals to how many bytes?   [SBI Clerk 2012]

  1. 1000
  2. 1035
  3. 100
  4. 1008
  5. 1024

71. Which of the following statements is/are true?                [RBI Grade B 2012]

  1. Cache memories are bigger than RAM
  2. Cache memories are smaller than RAM
  3. ROM are faster than RAM
  4. Information in ROM can be written by users
  5. None of the above

72. What is the main folder on a storage device [RBI Grade B 2012]

  1. Root directory
  2. Interface
  3. Device driver
  4. Platform
  5. Main directory

73. DVD refers to [SSC MTS 2013]

  1. Digital Video Developer
  2. Digital Video Device
  3. Digital Video Disk
  4. None of the above

74. USB refers to [SSC MTS 2013]

  1. a storage device
  2. a processor
  3. a port type
  4. a serial bus standard

75. A disk’s content that is recorded at the time of manufacture and that cannot be changed or erased by the user is [IBPS Clerk 2013]

  1. memory-only
  2. write-only
  3. once-only
  4. run-only
  5. read-only

76. The ………… indicates how much data a particular storage medium can hold. [IBPS Clerk 2013]

  1. storage
  2. access
  3. capacity
  4. memory
  5. None of these

77. A directory within a directory is called  …………  [IBPS Clerk 2013]

  1. mini directory
  2. junior directory
  3. sub directory
  4. part directory
  5. None of these

78. Storage media such as CD read and write information using…….. [RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. a laser beam of red light
  2. magnetic dots
  3. magnetic strips
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

79. CD-ROM is an example of    [RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. input device
  2. output device
  3. Both input & output
  4. pointing device
  5. None of the above

80. The hard drive is normally located  [SBI PO 2014]

  1. next to the printer
  2. plugged into the back of the computer
  3. underneath the monitor
  4. on top of the CD-ROM
  5. inside the system base unit

81. A DVD is an example of a(n) [SBI Clerk 2014]

  1. optical device
  2. output device
  3. hard disk
  4. solid state storage device
  5. None of these

82. Which of the following is correct sequence of smallest to largest unit of storage size?  [SBI PO 2014]

  1. Petabyte, Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte
  2. Kilobyte, Megabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte, Gigabyte
  3. Megabyte, Terabyte, Gigabyte, Kilobyte, Petabyte
  4. Kilobyte, Megabyte, Petabyte, Terabyte, Gigabyte
  5. Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte, Terabyte, Petabyte

83. Which is not a storage device? [SBI PO 2013, 14, IBPS Clerk 2014]

  1. Floppy Disk
  2. Printer
  3. DVD
  4. Hard Disk
  5. CD

84. The most common storage device for the personal computer is the [SBI Clerk 2014]

  1. floppy disk
  2. USB personal computer
  3. mainframe
  4. a laptop
  5. None of the above

85. The thick, rigid metal plotters that are capable of retrieving information at a high rate of speed are known as [SBI Clerk 2014]

  1. hard disks
  2. SAN
  3. soft disks
  4. flash memory
  5. None of these

86. A‘bit’refers to [SBI Clerk 2014]

  1. a form of storage
  2. a value equal to a kilobyte
  3. a value equal to a megabyte
  4. the smallest unit of digital information
  5. the same things as a pixel

87. Hard disk devices are considered  ……….. storage.       [SBI Clerk 2014]

  1. flash
  2. temporary
  3. worthless
  4. non-volatile
  5. non-permanent

88. Which of the following are advantages of CD-ROM as a storage media? [RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. CD-ROM is an inexpensive way to store large amount of data and information
  2. CD-ROM disks retrieve data and information more quickly than magnetic disks to
  3. CD-ROMs make less errors than magnetic media
  4. All of the above
  5. None of the above

89. ………….. is approximately a million bytes. [SBI PO 2014]

  1. gigabyte
  2. kilobyte
  3. megabyte
  4. terabyte
  5. None of these

90. Virtual memory allocates hard disk space to supplement the immediate, functional memory capacity of what?               [SBI PO 2014]

  1. ROM
  2. EPROM
  3. The registers
  4. Extended memory
  5. RAM

91. ……… is having more memory addresses than are physically available. [SBI PO 2014]

  1. Virtual memory
  2. System software
  3. Application software
  4. RAM
  5. Vertical memory

92. What does the computer abbreviation ‘MB’ used for?    [IBPS Clerk 2014]

  1. Megabit
  2. Millionbytes
  3. Megabytes
  4. Millionbit
  5. Microbytes

93. The amount of memory (RAM or ROM) is    measured in                  [SBI PO 2014]

  1. bytes
  2. bits
  3. megabytes
  4. megabits
  5. hertz

94. Which media has the ability to have data/information stored (written) on them by users more than once?[RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. CD-R disks
  2. CD-RW disks
  3. Zip disks
  4. Opti disks
  5. CD-RW disks and Zip disks

95. Volatility is a property of [RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. computer networks
  2. ROM
  3. disk
  4. software
  5. RAM

96. Which of the following is a temporary primary memory? [RBI Grade B 2014]

  1. PROM
  2. RAM
  3. ROM
  4. EPROM
  5. None of these

97. ‘FDD’ stands for [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. Floppy Drive Detector
  2. Floppy Drive Demodulator
  3. Floppy Disk Drive
  4. Floppy Demodulator Disk
  5. None of the above

98. Which type of memory gets lost when you switch OFF?                [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. ROM
  2. RAM
  3. Cache
  4. Dynamic
  5. Static

99. Which of the following has the smallest storage capacity?           [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. Zip disk
  2. Hard disk
  3. Floppy disk
  4. Data cartridge
  5. CD

100. Which of the following is the high speed memory which compensates the gap in speeds of processor and main memory? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. Cache
  2. PROM
  3. EPROM
  4. SRAM
  5. None of these

101. Which of the following is not true about RAM? [IBPS PO 2015, IBPS Clerk 2014]

  1. RAM is the same as hard disk storage.
  2. RAM is a temporary storage area.
  3. RAM is volatile.
  4. RAM is a primary memory.
  5. Other than those given as options

102. The data storage hierarchy consists of  [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. Bits, Bytes, Records, Fields, Files and Databases
  2. Characters, Fields, Records, Files and Databases
  3. Bytes, Bits, Fields, Records, Files and Databases
  4. Bits, Bytes, Fields, Records, Files and Databases
  5. Other than those given as options

103. Which of the following is the largest unit of storage?       [SBI PO 2015]

  1. GB
  2. KB
  3. MB
  4. TB
  5. None of these

104. Decreasing the amount of space required to store data and programs is accomplished by [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. crashing
  2. disk caching
  3. RAID
  4. file compression
  5. other than those given as options

105. What is the difference between a CD-ROM and CD-RW?                    [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. They are the same—just two different terms used by different manufactures.
  2. A CD-ROM can be written to and a CD-RW cannot.
  3. Other than those given as options
  4. A CD-ROM holds more information than a CD-RW.
  5. A CD-RW can be written to but a CD-ROM can only be read from.

106. ……….. are used to measure both computer memory (RAM) and storage capacity of Floppy disks, CD-ROM drives and Hard drives.           [SBI Clerk 2015]

  1. Bytes
  2. Bites
  3. Octal numbers
  4. Hexadecimal numbers
  5. Binary numbers

107. What is the temporary storage memory chips that form the computers primary work space? The contents are lost if power is disrupted.            [SBI Clerk 2015]

  1. Outputs
  2. Windows
  3. ROM
  4. Hard drive memory
  5. RAM

108. Compact disk that can store approximately650-800 MB of data or 74-80 min of music are                [SBI Clerk 2015]

  1. zip disks
  2. 2 CD-ROM
  3. video cards
  4. pressing machines
  5. floppy diskettes

109. One nibble is equivalent to   [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. 2 bits
  2. 4 bits
  3. 8 bits
  4. 32 bits
  5. None of these

110. The most frequently used instructions of a computer program are likely to be fetched from     [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. the hard   disk
  2. cache memory
  3. RAM
  4. registers
  5. PROM

111. Why RAM is so called? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. Because it is read and write memory
  2. Because it is a volatile memory
  3. Because it can be selected directly for storing and retrieving data and instructions of any location of chip
  4. Because it is a non-volatile memory
  5. None of the above

112. How many kilobytes make a megabyte? [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. 128
  2. 1024
  3. 256
  4. 512
  5. 64

113. The main directory of a disk is called the directory.                          [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. Network
  2. Folder
  3. Root
  4. Other than those given as options
  5. Program

114. When you first turn ON a computer, the CPU is preset to execute instructions stored in the      [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. RAM
  2. flash memory
  3. ROM
  4. CD-ROM
  5. ALU

115. Which of the following disks can be read only?                             [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. DVD-R
  2. DVD-ROM
  3. DVR-RW
  4. CD-R
  5. None of these

116. A …………… is approximately one billion bytes. [IBPS Clerk 2014, SBI PO 2015]

  1. kilobyte
  2. bit
  3. gigabyte
  4. megabyte
  5. None of the above

117. …….. is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and sectors.                     [ SBI PO 2015]

  1. Tracking
  2. Formatting
  3. Crashing
  4. Allotting
  5. None of the above

118. The clock rate of a processor is measured in [IBPS PO 2015]

  1. megabytes or gigabytes
  2. milliseconds
  3. megahertz or gigahertz
  4. nanoseconds
  5. microhertz

119. The difference between memory and storage is that memory is  …….. and storage is  ………                  [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. temporary; permanent
  2. permanent; temporary
  3. slow; fast
  4. non-volatile; volatile
  5. None of the above

120. Instructions and memory address are represented by                [IBPS Clerk 2015]

  1. character code
  2. binary codes
  3. binary word
  4. parity bit
  5. None of these

121. Expansion cards are inserted into

  1. slots [IBPS Clerk 2015]
  2. peripheral devices
  3. the CPU
  4. the back of the computer
  5. None of the above

122. Which among the following is another name for a gorup of 4 dits   [IBPS PO 2016]

  1. Nibble
  2. Byte
  3. Kilo Byte
  4. Mega Byte
  5. Peta Byte

123. How many bits are equal to one byte ?  [SSC CGL 2016]

  1. 8
  2. 6
  3. 7
  4. 2

ANSWERS

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