SSC English Topic Wise Previous Year Solved Papers – Reading Comprehension
Contents
SSC English Previous Year Question Papers Mathematics Reasoning General Awareness
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 1-5) : In the following passage, you have 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
Every profession of trade, every art and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinary English and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects or jargons are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly, included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.
Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other vocations like farming and fishing that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. An average man now uses these in his own vocabularly. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity and philosophy have become familiar to cultivated persons.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2010)
1. Special words used in technical discussion
(a) may become part of common speech
(b) never last long
(c) should resemble mathematical formula
(d) should be confined to scientific fields
2 The writer of this article is
(a) a scientist
(b) a politician
(c) a linguist
(d) a businessman
3. This passage is primarily concerned with
(a) various occupations and professions
(b) technical terminology
(c) scientific undertakings
(d) a new language
4. It is true that
(a) various professions and occupations often interchange words
(b) there is always a non-technical word that may be substituted for the technical word
(c) the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
(d) everyone is interested in scientific findings
5. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the nomenclature of
(a) Farming
(b) Fishing
(c) Sports
(d) Government
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 6-10): In the following questions, you have one brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
In May 1966, The World Health Organisation was authorised to initiate a global campaign to eradicate small pox. The goal was to eradicate the disease in one decade. Because similar projects for malaria and yellow fever had failed, few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated, but eleven years after the initial organisation of the campaign, no cases were reported in the field.
The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations, but also to isolate patients with active small-pox in order to contain the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human transmission. Rewards for reporting small-pox assisted in motivating the public to aid health workers. One by one, each small-pox victim was sought out, removed from contact with others and treated. At the same time, the entire, village where the victim had lived was vaccinated.
Today small pox is no longer a threat to humanity. Routine vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.
(SSC CGL 2nd Sit 2010)
6. Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
(a) The World Health Organisation
(b) The Eradication of Small-pox
(c) Small-pox Vaccinations
(d) Infectious Diseases
7. What was the goal of the campaign against small-pox?
(a) To decrease the spread of small-pox worldwide.
(b) To eliminate small-pox worldwide in ten years.
(c) To provide mass vaccinations against small-pox worldwide.
(d) To initiate worldwide projects for small-pox, malaria and yellow fever at the same time.
8. According to the paragraph what was the strategy used to eliminate the spread of small-pox?
(a) Vaccination of the entire village
(b) Treatment of individual victims.
(c) Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations
(d) Extensive reporting of out breaks
9. Which statement doesn’t refer to small-pox?
(a) Previous projects had failed.
(b) People are no longer vaccinated for it.
(c) The World Health Organisation mounted a worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease.
(d) It was a serious threat.
10. It can be inferred that
(a) no new cases of small-pox have been reported this year.
(b) malaria and yellow fever have been eliminated.
(c) small-pox victims no longer die when they contract the disease
(d) small-pox is not transmitted from one person to another.
DIRECTIONS: In questions no. 11 to 15, you have two brief passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE-1
(Question Nos. 11-15)
Two years later, in November 1895, he signed his final will. He left the bulk of his fortune, amounting to about £1,75,000 to a trust fund administered by Swedish and Norwegian trustees. The annual interest shall be awarded as prizes to those persons who during the previous year have rendered the greatest services to mankind. The interest shall be divided into five equal parts- now amounting to about £8,000 each- one of which shall be awarded to the person who has made the most important discovery or invention in the realm of physics, one to the person who has made the most important chemical discovery or improvement, one to the person who has made the most important physiological or medical discovery, one to the person who has produced the most outstanding work of literature, idealistic in character, and one to the person who has done the best work for the brotherhood of nations, the abolition or reduction of standing armies, as well as for the formation or popularization of peace congress.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2012)
11. The said prize is awarded
(a) once in 5 years
(b) every year
(c) once in 4 years
(d) once in 2 years
12. Which is the prize that is referred to in the passage?
(a) Nobel Prize
(b) Magsaysay Award
(c) Pulitzer Prize
(d) Booker Prize
13. The number of prizes in the field of science are
(a) Four
(b) One
(c) Three
(d) Five
14. Total annual prize money amounts to
(a) £8,000
(b) £1,750,000
(c) £350,000
(d) £40,000
15. Prize is awarded for outstanding work in
(a) Chemistry
(b) Literature
(c) Physics
(d) All the above
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 16-20)
If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking, as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the Equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know so little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction.
16. If someone else’s opinion makes us angry, it means that
(a) we are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for becoming angry
(b) there may be good reasons for his opinion but we are not consciously aware of them
(c) our own opinion is not based on good reason and we know this subconsciously
(d) we are not consciously aware of any reason for our own opinion
17. “Your own contrary conviction” refers to
(a) the fact that you feel pity rather than anger
(b) the opinion that two and two are four and that Iceland is a long way from the Equator
(c) the opinion that two and two are five and that Iceland is on the Equator
(d) the fact that you know so little about arithmetic or geography
18. Conviction means
(a) persuasion
(b) disbelief
(c) strong belief
(d) ignorance
19. The writer says if someone maintains that two and two are five you feel pity because you
(a) have sympathy
(b) don’t agree with him
(c) want to help the person
(d) feel sorry for his ignorance
20. The second sentence in the passage
(a) builds up the argument of the first sentence by restating it from the opposite point of view
(b) makes the main point which has only been introduced by the first sentence
(c) simply adds, a further point to the argument already stated in the first sentence
(d) illustrates the point made in the first sentence
DIRECTIONS : In question no. 21 to 30, you have two brief passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE-I
“People very often complain that poverty is a great evil and that it is not possible to be happy unless one has a lot of money. Actually, this is not necessarily true. Even a poor man, living in a small hut with none of the comforts and luxuries of life, may be quite contented with his lot and achieve a measure of happiness. On the other hand, a very rich man, living in a palace and enjoying everything that money can buy, may still be miserable, if, for example, he does not enjoy good health or his only son has taken to evil ways. Apart from this, he may have a lot of business worries which keep him on tenterhooks most of the time. There is a limit to what money can buy and there are many things which are necessary for a man’s happiness and which money cannot procure.
Real happiness is a matter of the right attitude and the capacity of being contented with whatever you have is the most important ingredient of this attitude”.
(SSC CGL 2nd Sit. 2012)
21. The phrase “on tenterhooks” means:
(a) in a state of thoughfulness
(b) in a state of anxiety
(c) in a state of sadness
(d) in a state of forgetfulness
22. It is true that:
(a) money alone can give happiness
(b) money always gives happiness
(c) money seldom gives happiness
(d) money alone cannot give happiness
23. A rich man’s life may become miserable if he:
(a) has evil son, bad health and business worries
(b) does not enjoy good health
(c) has business worries
(d) has business worries and his only son has taken to evil ways
24. Which of the following is the most appropriate title to the passage?
(a) Poverty, a great evil
(b) The key of happiness
(c) Contentment, the key of happiness
(d) Money and contentment
25. Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Only a poor but contented man can be happy
(b) A poor but contented man can never be happy
(c) A poor but contented man can be happy
(d) A poor but contented man is always happy
PASSAGE- II
The problem of water pollution by pesticides can be understood only in context, as part of the whole to which it belongs – the pollution of the total environment of mankind. The pollution entering our waterways comes from many sources, radioactive wastes from reactors, laboratories and hospitals; fallout from nuclear explosions; domestic wastes from cities and towns; chemical wastes from factories. To these is a added a new kid of fallout – the chemical sprays applied to crop lands and gardens, forests and fields. Many of the chemical agents in this alarming melange initiate and augment the harmful effects of radiation, and within the groups of chemicals themselves there are sinister and little – understood interactions, transformations and summations of effect.
Ever since the chemists began to manufacture substances that nature never invented, the problem of water purification have become complex and the danger to users of water has increased. As we have seen, the production of these synthetic chemicals in large volume began in the 1940’s. It has now reached such proportion that an appalling deluge of chemical pollution is daily poured into the nation’s waterways. When inextricably mixed with domestic and other wastes discharged into the same water, these chemicals sometimes defy detection by the methods in ordinary use by purification plants. Most of them are so complex that they cannot be identified. In rivers, a really incredible variety of pollutants combine to produce deposits that sanitary engineers can only despairingly refer to as “gunk”.
26. All the following words mean ‘chemicals’ except:
(a) sands
(b) substances
(c) pesticides
(d) deposits
27. The main argument of paragraph 1 is:
(a) that there are sinister interaction in the use of chemicals
(b) that there are numerous reasons for contamination of water supplies
(c) that there are many dangers from nuclear fallout
(d) that pesticides are dangerous
28. The word ‘gunk’ in the last line refers:
(a) to the waste products deposited by sanitary engineers
(b) to the debris found in rivers
(c) to unidentifiable chemicals found in water
(d) to the domestic water supplies
29. Water pollution can only be understood:
(a) in relation to world contamination
(b) by the whole human race
(c) in context
(d) in relation to the number of pesticides that exist
30. Water contamination has become serious:
(a) since water pollution was difficult to assess
(b) since nature has taken a hand in pollution
(c) since chemists began to use new substances
(d) since businessmen authorised the use of chemicals.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 31-40): In the following questions, you have two brief passages with 5 questions in each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE-I
(Question Nos. 31-35)
“Nobody knows my name” is the title of one of James Baldwin’s celebrated books. Who knows the name of the old man sitting amidst ruins pondering over his hubble-bubble? We do not. It does not matter. He is there like the North Pole, the Everest and the Alps but with one difference. The North Pole, the Everest and the Alps will be there when he is not there any more. Can we really say this? “Dust thou act to dust returneth” was not spoken of the soul. We do not know whether the old man’s soul will go marching on like John Brown’s. While his body lies mouldering in the grave or becomes ash driven by the wind or is immersed in water, such speculation is hazardous. A soul’s trip can take one to the treacherous shoals of metaphysics where there is no “yes” or “no”. “Who am I?” asked Tagore of the rising sun in the first dawn of his life, he received no answer. “Who am I?” he asked the setting sun in the last twilight of his life. He received no answer.
We are no more on solid ground with dust which we can feel in our hands, scatter to the wind and wet with water to turn it into mud. For this much is sure, that in the end, when life’s ceaseless labor grinds to a halt and man meets death, the brother of sleep, his body buried or burnt, becomes dust. In the form of dust he lives, inanimate yet in contact with the animate. He settles on files in endless government almirahs, on manuscripts written and not published on all shelves, on feces and hands. He becomes ubiquitous all pervasive, sometimes sneaking even into hermetically sealed chambers.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2012)
31. What is the difference between the old man and the North Pole, the Everest and the Alps?
(a) he ponders over his hubble-bubble while they don’t
(b) they are known to all while he is known to none
(c) they remain while he will soon become dust
(d) they are not as old as he
32. What, according to the passage, happens to a person’s soul after death?
(a) the soul also dies with the body
(b) the soul continues to live after the body is dead
(c) the soul certainly becomes dust after death
(d) it is dangerous to guess
33. Which of the following statement is true?
(a) The rising sun told Tagore who he was
(b) The rising sun did not tell Tagore who he was
(c) The rising sun advised Tagore to ask no questions
(d) The rising sun told Tagore that he would become dust
34. What happens to man after he becomes dust?
(a) he disappears from the world for ever
(b) he appears in the form of man again-
(c) he becomes all pervasive as dust
(d) he often sneaks into hermetically sealed chambers
35. What figure of speech is used in the expression ‘the brother of sleep’?
(a) Simile
(b) Metaphor
(c) Oxymoron
(d) Irony
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 36-40)
To write well, you have to be able to write clearly and logically,and you cannot do this unless you can think clearly and logically.
If you cannot do this yet you should train yourself to do it by taking particular problems and following them through, point by point, to a solution, without leaving anything out and without avoiding any difficulties that you meet.
At first you find clear, step-by- step thought very difficult. You may find that your mind is not able to concentrate. Several unconnected ideas may occur together. But practice will improve your ability to concentrate on a single idea and think about it clearly and logically. In order to increase your vocabulary and to improve your style, you should read widely and use a good dictionary to help you find the exact meanings and correct usages of words.
Always remember that regular and frequent practice is necessary if you want to learn to write well. It is no good waiting until you have an inspiration before you write. Even with the most famous writers, inspiration is rare. Someone said that writing is ninety-nine percent hard work and one percent inspiration, so the sooner you get into the habit of disciplining your-self to write, the better.
36. To write well, a person must train himself in
(a) dealing with a difficult problem
(b) not leaving anything out
(c) thinking clearly and logically
(d) following a step-by-step approach
37. Initially, it is difficult to write because
(a) a good dictionary is not used
(b) ideas occur without any sequence
(c) aids to correct writing are not known
(d) exact usages of words are not known
38. According to the passage, writing style can be improved by
(a) thinking logically
(b) writing clearly
(c) undergoing training
(d) reading widely
39. Famous writers have achieved success by
(a) using their linguistic resources properly
(b) disciplining their skill
(c) following only one idea
(d) waiting for inspiration
40. All the following words mean ‘ exact ’ except
(a) precise
(b) accurate
(c) very
(d) erect
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 41-50): In the following questions, you have two brief passages with 5 question in each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE-I
Stuck with the development dilemma? Stay away from management courses. Seriously, one of the biggest complaints that organisations have about management courses is that they fail to impact the participants’ on-the-job behaviour. Some management trainers stress the need for follow-up and reinforcement on the job. Some go so for as briefing the participants’ managers on what behaviour they should be reinforcing back on the job. Other include a follow-up training day to review the progress of the participants. None of this is really going far enough.
The real problem is that course promoters view development as something which primarily, takes place in a classroom. Acourse is an event and events are, by definition limited in time. When you talk about follow-up after a course, it is seen as a nice idea, but not as an essential part of the participants’ development programme. Any rational, empowered individual should be able to take what has been learnt in a course and transfer it to the work place – or so the argument goes. Another negative aspect of the course mindset is that, primarily, development is thought to be about skill-acquisition.
So, it is felt that the distinction between taking the course and behaving differently in the work place parallels the distinction between skill-acquisition and skill-application. But can such a sharp distinction be maintained? Skills are really acquired only in the context of applying them on the job, finding them effective and, therefore, reinforcing them.
The problem with courses is that they are events, while development is an on-going process which, involves, within a complex environment, continual interaction, regular feedback and adjustment. As we tend to equate development with a one-off event, it is difficult to get seriously motivated about the follow¬up. Anyone paying for a course tends to look at follow-up as an unnecessary and rather costly frill.
(SSC CGL 2nd Sit. 2012)
41. What is the passage about?
(a) personal management
(b) development dilemma
(c) management courses
(d) course promotors attitude
42. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Some management trainers stress the need for follow up and reinforcement on the job
(b) Some suggest a follow-up training day to review the progress of the participants
(c) Some go to the extent of briefing the participants’ managers on what behaviour they should be reinforcing back on the job
(d) The real problem is that course promoters view development as something which does not take place during a course.
43. The writer’s attitude, as reflected in the passage, is
(a) critical
(b) ironic
(c) sympathetic
(d) philosophical
44. The course promoters’ attitude is
(a) self-righteous
(b) indifferent
(c) easy-going
(d) unprogressive
45. The word ‘mindset’ here means
(a) a determined mind
(b) a (fixed) attitude of mind
(c) an open mind
(d) mindful
PASSAGE-II
One may look at life, events, society, history, in another way. A way which might, at a stretch, be described as the Gandhian way, though it may be from times before Mahatma Gandhi came on the scene. The Gandhian reaction to all grim poverty, squalor and degradation of the human being would approximate to effort at self-change and self-improvement, to a regime of living regulated by discipline from within. To change society, the individual must first change himself. In this way of looking at life and society, words too begin to mean differently. Revolution, for instance, is a term frequently used, but not always in the sense it has been in the lexicon of the militant. So also with words like peace and struggle. Even society may mean differently, being some kind of organic entity for the militant, and more or less a sum of individuals for the Gandhian. There is yet another way, which might, for want of a better description, be called the mystic. The mystic’s perspective measures these concerns that transcend political ambition and the dynamism of the reformer, whether he be militant or Gandhian. The mystic measures the terror of not knowing the remorseless march of time; he seeks to know what was before birth, what comes after death? The continuous presence of death, of the consciousness of death, sets his priorities and values: militants and Gandhians, kings and prophets, must leave all that they have built; all that they have unbuilt and depart when messengers of the buffalo-riding Yama come out of the shadows. Water will to water, dust to dust. Think of impermanence. Everything passes.
46. The Gandhian reaction of poverty is
(a) a total war on poverty
(b) self-discipline
(c) self-abnegation
(d) a regulated distribution of wealth
47. According to Gandianism, the individual who wants to change society
(a) should destroy the existing society
(b) must re-form society
(c) must change himself
(d) may change society without changing himself
48. Who, according to the passage, finds new meaning for words like revolutions, peace and struggle?
(a) A Gandhian who believes in non-violent revolution
(b) A militant
(c) A mystic
(d) A Gandhian who disciplines himself from within
49. The expression ‘water will to water, dust to dust’ means
(a) water and dust can mix well
(b) man will become water after death
(c) man will one day die and become dust
(d) man will become dust and water after death
50. What does society mean to a Gandhian?
(a) a sum of individuals
(b) an organic entity
(c) a regime of living regulated by discipline from within
(d) a disciplined social community
DIRECTIONS : In question number 51 to 60, you have two passages with 5 questions in each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE-I
The World health Organisation is briefly called W.H.O. It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948.
International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconut groves, and rice fields. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health.
This global health team assists the local health workers in stopping the spread of what are called communicable diseases, like cholera. These diseases can spread from one country to another and so can be a threat to world health.
W.H.O. assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether.
Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number so ways. Everyone knows how people, particularly children, are vaccinated against one disease or another. Similarly, most people are familiar with the spraying of houses with poisonous substances which kill disease-carrying insects.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2013)
51. “It is a specialised agency of the United Nations and was established in 1948”. Here specialised means:
(a) made suitable for a particular purpose
(b) expert
(c) extraordinary
(d) uncommon
52.“International health workers can be seen working in all kinds of surroundings: in deserts, jungles, mountains, coconout groves, and rice fields”. Here International means:
(a) belonging to the whole world
(b) drawn from all countries of the world
(c) believing in cooperation among nations
(d) belonging to an organisation which has something to do with different nations.
53. They help the sick to attain health and the healthy to maintain their health, here they stands for:
(a) deserts
(b) rice fields
(c) international health workers
(d) jungles
54. “WHO assists different national health authorities not only in controlling diseases but also in preventing them altogether”. The above sentence implies that:
(a) W.H.O. assist many others in addition to the national health authorities
(b) W.H.O. assists more in preventing diseases than in controlling them.
(c) W.H.O. assists in controlling diseases only if they have not been prevented.
(d) W.H.O. assists both in controlling diseases and in preventing them.
55. “Total prevention of diseases is possible in a number of ways”. The author has given illustrations of:
(a) only two such ways
(b) only one such way
(c) more than two such ways
(d) none of these
PASSAGE-II
Why don’t I have a telephone? No because I pretend to be wise or pose as unusual. There are two chief reasons: because I don’t really like the telephone, and because I find I can still work and play, eat, breathe, and sleep without it. Why don’t I like the telephone? because I think it is a pest and time waster. It may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety, as when you wait for an expected call, that doesn’t come; or irritating delay, as when you keep ringing a number that is always engaged. As for speaking in a public telephone booth, it seems to me really horrible, you would not use it unless you were in a hurry, and because you are in a hurry, you will find other people waiting before you. When you do get into the booth, you are half suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavored with cheap face powder and chain smoking; and by the time you have began your conversation your back is chilled by the cold looks of somebody who is moving about restlessly to make your place.
If you have a telephone in your house, you will admit that it tends to ring when you least want it to ring; when you are asleep, or in the middle of a meal or a conversation, or when you are just going out, or when you are in your bath. Are you strong minded enough to ignore it, to say to yourself.” Ah well, it will be all the same in hundred years time”. You are not. You think there maybe some important news or message for you. Have you never rushed dropping from the bath, of chewing from the table, or dazed from bed, only to be told that you are a wrong number? You were told the truth. In my opinion all telephone numbers are wrong numbers. If, of course, your telephone rings and you decide not to answer it, then you will have to listen to an idiotic bell ringing and ringing in what is supposed to be the privacy of your own home. You might as well buy a bicycle bell and ring it yourself.
56. The author does not have a telephone because :
(a) he pretends to be wise
(b) he poses as unusual
(c) he would prefer to do something else
(d) he thinks that it can create unnecessary suspense and anxiety.
57. He hates speaking in a public telephone booth because :
(a) it is costlier
(b) he is suffocated by the stale, unventilated air, flavoured with cheap face power and chain-smoking
(c) others look at him angrily
(d) the other side may not know your number
58.___ your back is chilled by the cold look of somebody means:
(a) other look at you angrily
(b) you feel cold at the back
(c) you feel uneasy because the person next in the queue looks at you restlessly
(d) people are very cold.
59. ‘Ah well, it will be all the same in hundred years time’. This sentence means:
(a) Nothing is going to change even if you don’t answer the telephone bell.
(b) Things have not changed for the past 100 years.
(c) Things will remain the same for 100 years to come.
(d) One should be strong minded.
60. ‘All telephone numbers are wrong numbers’, because:
(a) the author always gets wrong calls
(b) whenever he tries it always goes wrong.
(c) he doesn’t give much importance to telephone and telepone numbers
(d) None of the statements given above.
DIRECTIONS : In question nos. 61 to 70, you have two brief passages with 5 questions in each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate oval
PASSAGE-I
(Question Nos. 61-65)
Pidgins are languages that are not, acquired as mother tongues and that are used for a restricted set of communicative functions. They are formed from a mixture of languages and have a limited vocabulary and a simplified grammar. Pidgins serve as a means of communication between speakers of mutually unintelligible languages and may become essential, in multilingual areas. A creole develops from a pidgin when the pidgin becomes the mother tongue of the community. To cope with the consequent expansion of communicative functions, the vocabulary is increased and the grammar becomes more complex. Where a creole and the standard variety of English coexist, as in the Carribbean, there is a continuum from the most extreme form of creole to the form that is closest to the standard language. Linguists mark off the relative positions on the creole continuum as the ‘basilect’ (the furthest from the standard language), the ‘mesolect’ and the ‘acrolet’. In such situations, most creole speakers can vary their speech along the continuum and many are also competent in the standard English of their country.
(SSC CGL 2nd Sit. 2013)
61. A pidgin develops in a situation when
(a) Different and mutually unintelligible languages exist side by side
(b) A creole becomes the mother tongue of a linguistic community
(c) A language with restricted vocabulary undergoes an expansion in grammar and vocabulary
(d) Two similar languages are mixed to create a new language.
62. According to the given passage, a pidgin becomes a creole when
(a) It ceases to be a means of communication
(b) It becomes the mother tongue for a new generation of speakers
(c) Its vocabulary undergoes some kind of change
(d) Two or more languages are mixed with an existing pidgin
63. According to the passage, a creole continuum is
(a) A linguistic term for the mixture of more than two languages
(b) A scale which measures the linguistic competence of the speaker.
(c) A scale in which the proximity of the creole to the standard language is measured
(d) A record of the continuous history of a creole
64. According to the passage ‘basilect’ means
(a) An impure form of a creole
(b) A form of creole which is furthest from the standard language
(c) A form of creole which has an extended vocabulary
(d) A form of creole which is very close to the standard language
65. Find out a word in the passage which is opposite in meaning to the word – ‘ Simplified’
(a) Complex
(b) Expansion
(c) Restricted
(d) Consequent
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 66-70)
There were four of us – George and William Samuel Harris, and myself, and Montmorency. We were sitting in my room, smoking and talking about “how bad were – bad from a medical point of view I mean, of course.
We were all feeling seedy and we were getting quite nervous about it. Harris said he felt such extraordinary fits of giddiness come over him at times, that he hardly knew what he was doing and then George said that he had fits of giddiness too, and hardly knew what he was doing. With me, it was my liver that was out of order. I knew it was my liver that was out of order, because I had just been reading a patent liver-pill circular, in which were detailed the various symptoms by which a man could tell when his liver was out of order. I had them all.
It is a most extraordinary thing, but I never read a patent medicine advertisement without being impelled to the conclusion that I am suffering from the particular disease therein dealth with in its most virulent form. The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt.
66. The four felt down and out because
(a) the room was too smoky
(b) they could never read a patent medicine advertisement
(c) they thought they were ill
(d) they had experienced a most extraordinary thing
67. Whenever the speaker read a liver pill circular
(a) he suffered from an extraordinary surge of giddiness
(b) he felt sure that he had a liver disorder
(c) he felt the urge to smoke
(d) All of the above
68. The author of the above passage seems to be suffering from
(a) fits of morbid depression without real cause
(b) an abnormal anxiety about his health
(c) melancholia
(d) an unnecessarily dark, gloomy and pessimistic attitude to life
69. Harris was troubled by
(a) a symptom of vertigo
(b) garrulity
(c) tribulation
(d) frailty
70. The word which is closest in meaning to virulent is
(a) fantastic
(b) vital
(c) viral
(d) hostile
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 71-80) : In these questions, you have a passage with 10 questions. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four.
The postmaster first took up his duties in the village of Ulapur. Though the village was a small one, there was an indigo factory nearby and the proprietor, an Englishman, had managed to get a post office established.
Our postmaster belonged to Calcutta. He felt like a fish out of water in this remote village. His office and living-room were in a dark thatched shed, not far from a green, silmy pond, surrounded on all sides by a dense growth.
The men employed in the indigo factory had no leisure, moreover they were hardly desirable companions for decent folk. Nor is a Calcutta boy an adept in the art of associating with others. Among strangers, he appears either proud or ill at ease. At any rate the postmaster had but little company, nor had he much to do.
At times he tried his hand at writing a verse or two. That the movement of the leaves and clouds of the sky were enough to fill life with joy – such were the sentiments to which he sought to give expression. But God knows that the poor fellow would have felt it as the gift of a new life, if some genie of the Arabian Nights had in one night swept away the trees, leaves and all, and replaced them with a macadamised road, hiding the clouds from view with rows of tall houses.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2013)
71. The adjective used to describe the postmaster’s living-room is
(a) bright
(b) dark
(c) light
(d) deep
72. What does the phrase ‘ill at ease’ in the passage mean?
(a) Forward
(b) Disease
(c) Comfortable
(d) Uneasy
73. What does the phrase ‘little company’ in the passage mean?
(a) Bad friendship
(b) Hardly any friends
(c) Small business
(d) Business-like
74. At times, the postmaster wrote
(a) poems
(b) novels
(c) short stories
(d) dramas
75. The postmaster wrote on the
(a) beauty of nature
(b) beauty of himself
(c) beauty of the weather
(d) beauty of the village
76. The word ‘genie’ means
(a) monster
(b) spirit
(c) ghost
(d) soul
77. Which factory was situated near the village Ulapur?
(a) Chemical
(b) Rubber
(c) Clothes
(d) Dyes
78. What does the idiom ‘fish out of water’ suggest?
(a) In unfamiliar surroundings
(b) can die any moment
(c) grasping for breath
(d) amphibious creature
79. Find a word in the passage which is the opposite of ‘near’
(a) Convenient
(b) Unknown
(c) Close
(d) Remote
80. Find a word in the passage which means ‘the owner of a business’.
(a) Constructor
(b) Businessman
(c) Entrepreneur
(d) Proprietor
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 81-90) : Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
The stunning Baltimore Oriole is a common summer visitor to eastern and mid western deciduous woodlands, neighbourhoods, and gardens. Baltimore Orioles winter in the tropics. About 7 inches in length, the male Baltimore Oriole has a black head, throat, back and wings. Its breast, stomach, and rump are bright orange. It also has an orange patch on the top of each wing and white wing bars. The tail is mostly black with orange fringes. The female is dull orange throughout.
Baltimore Orioles range throughout the eastern and mid western United States, and can be found as far west as the Dakotas. At the western edge of their range, Baltimore Orioles may breed with the Bullock’s Oriole (They were once considered the same species under the name Northern Oriole).
Baltimore Orioles build unusual pouch like nests that hang down from branches. They usually nest high in the trees, but often come down to lower heights, flashing bright orange and black feathers to delighted observers Active and acrobatic by nature, Baltimore Orioles may even feed upside down at time.
Baltimore Orioles eat insects and berries. They can easily be attracted to gardens by nailing orange wedges to tree branches. Baltimore Orioles are also known to feed at hummingbird feeders and sapsucker wells.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit, 2013)
81. The other name of Baltimore Oriole was ___.
(a) Bullock’s Oriole
(b) Baltimore’s Oriole
(c) Northern Oriole
(d) Southern Oriole
82. The nest of the Baltimore Oriole___
(a) is in a tree cavity
(b) stands upon a branch of a tree
(c) hangs from a branch of a tree
(d) is usually low in the branches
83. Which of the following is the closest in size to a Baltimore Oriole ?
(a) The size of a half-scale
(b) A little more than a half-scale
(c) A little less than a half-scale
(d) A foot ruler
84. The Baltimore Oriole spend the winters in the____ .
(a) Dakotas
(b) Carolinas
(c) Tropics
(d) Deserts
85. What is the colour of the female Baltimore Oriole ?
(a) Bright Orange
(b) Light Orange
(c) Dull Orange
(d) White
86. Which of the following does not attract the Baltimore Oriole?
(a) Oranges
(b) Hummingbird feeders
(c) Sapsueker wells
(d) Sunflower seeds
87. The Baltimore Oriole can be found as far west as
(a) North and South Dakota
(b) The Carolinas
(c) California
(d) Baltimore
88. Which of the following is not true about the Baltimore Oriole?
(a) They feed upside down sometimes.
(b) They may breed with the Bullock’s Oriole.
(c) The Baltimore Oriole is uncommon in the U. S.
(d) The Baltimore Oriole has a black throat.
89. Where would I probably not find a Baltimore Oriole ?
(a) High in the trees
(b) In gardens and neighbourhoods
(c) Deciduous woodlands
(d) The Sahara desert
90. Which of these colours is not found on a Baltimore Oriole?
(a) Purple
(b) Orange
(c) White
(d) Black
DIRECTIONS (91-100): You have a passage with 10 questions. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
CYBERBOGEYS
The cyber-world is ultimately ungovernable. This is alarming as well as convenient; sometimes, convenient because alarming. Some Indian politicians use this to great advantage. When there is an obvious failure in governance during a crisis they deflect attention from their own incompetence towards the ungovernable. So, having failed to prevent nervous citizens from fleeing their cities of work by assuring them of proper protection, some national leaders are now busy trying to prove to one another, and to panic-prone Indians, that a mischievous neighbour has been using the internet and social networking sites to spread dangerous rumours. And the Centre’s automatic reaction is to start blocking these sites and begin elaborate and potentially endless negotiations with Google, Twitter and Facebook about access to information. If this is the official idea of prompt action at a time of crisis among communities, then Indians have more reason to fear their protectors than the nebulous mischief-makers of the cyber world. Wasting time gathering proof, blocking vaguely suspiciopus websites, hurling accusations across the border and worrying about bilateral relations are ways of keeping busy with inessentials becuase one does not quite know what to do about the essentials of a difficult situation.
Besides, only a fifth of the 245 websites blocked by the Centre mention the people of the Northeast or the violence in Assam. And if a few morphed images and spurious texts can unsettle an entire nation, then there is something deeply wrong with the nation and with how it is being governed. This is what its leaders should be addressig immediately, rather than making a wrongheaded display of their powers of censorship.
It is just as absurd, and part of the same syndrome, to try to ban Twitter accounts that parody despatches from the Prime Minister’s Office. To describe such forms of humour and dissent as “misrepresenting” the PMO-as if Twitter would take these parodies for genuine despatches from the PMO — makes the PMO look more ridiculous than its parodists manage to. With the precedent for such action set recently by the chief minister of West Bengal, this is yet another proof that what Bengal thinks today India will think tomorrow. Using the cyber-world for flexing the wrong muscles is essentially not fimny. It might even prove to be quite dangerously distracting.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2013)
91. According to the passage, the cyber-world is
(a) beyond the imagination of people
(b) outside the purview of common people
(c) not to be governed
(d) ungovernable
92. The author is of the opinion that
(a) the centre should start negotiations with Google, Twitter and Facebook
(b) the centre should help the citizens evacuate their city
(c) the centre should not block the sites
(d) the centre should arrest the guilty
93. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of ‘nebulous’?
(a) confused
(b) vague
(c) iridescent
(d) glowing
94. The author’s seriousness regarding the situation can best be described in the following sentences. Pick the odd one out.
(a) Our leaders should display their powers of censorship when needed
(b) If this is the official idea of prompt action at a time of crisis among communities, then Indians have more’ reason to fear their protectors than the nebulous mischief maker of the cyber-world
(c) The politicians deflect attention from their own incompetence
(d) If a few morphed images and spurious texts can unsettle an entire nation, then there is something deeply wrong with the nation
95. The word ‘spurious’ means
(a) genuine
(b) authentic
(c) substantial
(d) fake
96. The author warns us against
(a) not playing false with the citizens
(b) dangers inherent in the cyber-world
(c) not using the cyber-world judiciously
(d) not protecting the citizens from dangerous politicians
97. ‘Parody’means
(a) twist
(b) jeopardize
(c) ridicule
(d) imitate
98. What is the opposite of ‘wrong headed’?
(a) silly
(b) sane
(c) insane
(d) insensible
99. The passage suggests different ways of keeping the public busy with ‘inessentials’. Pick the odd one out.
(a) By blocking websites which are vaguely suspicious
(b) By blaming neighbouring countries across the border
(c) By turning the attention of the people to violence in Assam
(d) By getting involved in a discourse on bilateral relations
100. The following is a list of statements made by the author of the above passage. Pick the odd one out.
(a) It is absurd to ban Twitter accounts that parody despatches from the Prime Minister’s Office
(b) Twitter take these parodies for genuine despatches from the PMO
(c) To describe such forms of humour as ‘misrepresenting” the PMO makes the PMO look more ridiculous
(d) The precedent for such action was set recently by the chief minister of West Bengal
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 101-105): You have two brief passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate oval.
PASSAGE-I
(Question Nos. 101-105)
As I stepped out of the train, I felt unusually solitary since I was the only passenger to alight. I was accustomed to arriving in the summer, when holiday-makers throng coastal resorts and this was my first visit when the season was over. My destination was a little village which was eight miles by road. It took only a few minutes for me to come to the foot of the cliff path. When I reached the top I had left all signs of habitation behind me. I was surprised to notice that the sky was already a flame with the sunset. It seemed to be getting dark amazingly quickly. I was at a loss to account for the exceptionally early end of daylight since I did not think I had walked unduly slowly. Then I recollected that on previous visits I had walked in high summer and how it was October.
All at once it was night. The track was grassy and even in daylight showed up hardly at all. I was terrified of hurtling over the edge of the cliff to the rocks below. I felt my feet squelching and sticking in something soggy. Then I bumped into a little clump of trees that loomed up in front of me. I climbed up the nearest trunk and managed to find a tolerabley comfortable fork to sit on. The waiting was spent by my attempts to identify the little stirrings and noises of animal life that I could hear. I grew colder and colder and managed to sleep only in uneasy fitful starts. At last when the moon came up I was on my way again.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2014)
101. The writer felt unusually solitary because
(a) he was feeling very lonely without his family.
(b) he was missing the company of other holiday-makers.
(c) his destination was a little village eight miles away.
(d) there was no one to meet him.
102. “I left all signs of habitation behind me.” This means that he
(a) came to a place where there were very few houses.
(b) was in front of a large collection of cottages.
(c) had come very far from places where people lived.
(d) had just passed a remote village.
103. It became darker than the writer expected because
(a) the nights are shorter in autumn than in summer.
(b) the nights are longer in October than mid summer.
(c) the train arrived later than usual.
(d) he had walked unduly slowly.
104. The writer found it difficult to keep to the path because of
(a) the darkness and narrowness of the path.
(b) poor visibility and grassy track.
(c) the darkness and his slow pace.
(d) poor visibility and dew on grass.
105. When he settled himself on the fork of the tree, the writer____
(a) had a sound sleep.
(b) was disturbed by noises of animals.
(c) was too afraid to sleep.
(d) tried to sleep but without much success.
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 106-110)
It is sad that in country after country, progress should become synonymous with an assault on nature. We who are a part of nature and dependent on her for every need, speak constantly about ‘exploiting’ nature. When the highest mountain in the world was climbed in 1953, Jawaharlal Nehru objected to the phrase ‘conquest of Everest’ which he thought was arrogant Is it surprising that this lack of consideration and the constant need to prove one’s superiority should be projected on to our treatment of our fellowmen? I remember Edward Thompson, a British writer and a good friend of India, once telling Mr. Gandhi that wildlife was fast disappearing. Remarked Mr. Gandhi: ‘It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns’
On the one hand, the rich look askance at our continuing poverty; on the other they warn us against their own methods. We do not wish to impoverish the environment any further and yet we cannot forget the grim poverty of large numbers of people. Are not poverty and need the great polluters? For instance, unless we are in a position to provide employment and purchasing power for the daily necessities of the tribal people and those who live in and around our jungles, we cannot prevent them from combing the forest for food and livelihood, from poaching and from despoiling the vegetation.
106. At the beginning of the passage, the writer expresses her opinion that in many countries progress is synonymous with
(a) development.
(b) utmost care for nature.
(c) a balanced treatment of nature.
(d) utmost cruelty to nature.
107. In the passage, the term ‘exploiting’ nature suggests
(a) regretfulness.
(b) sarcasm.
(c) destructive urge of man.
(d) greed of man.
108. Nehru objected to the phrase ‘conquest of Everest’ since
(a) it carries a war-like connotation.
(b) it sounds pompous and boastful.
(c) it depicts Everest as a victim.
(d) Everest is unconquerable.
109. Gandhi’s statement ‘It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns.!’
(a) Refers to wild animals’ decrease in the jungle.
(b) Refers to flora and fauna.
(c) Refers to man’s selfishness.
(d) Is a satirical comparison of man’s callousness to the animals.
110. The writer is of opinion that tribal people can be prevented from combing forest for food
(a) to provide employment
(b) to increase purchasing power
(c) by deterring them from poaching and despoiling vegetation
(d) to provide employment and purchasing power for daily necessities.
DIRECTION: (Qs. 111-120): In the following Ten Questions, you have two passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle [•].
PASSAGE-I
(Question Nos. 111-115)
The instinctive, natural way to express anger is to respond aggressively. Anger is a natural, adaptive response to threats; It inspires powerful, often aggressive, feelings and behaviours, which allow us to fight and to defend ourselves when we are attacked. On the other hand, we can’t physically lash out at every person or object that irritates or annoys us; laws, social norms and common sense place limits on how far our anger can take us. People use a variety of both conscious and unconscious processes to deal with there angry feelings. The three main approaches are expressing, suppressing and calming. Expressing your angry feelings in an assertive – not aggressive manner is the healthiest way to express anger. Being assertive doesn’t’ mean being ‘pushy or demanding; It means being respectful of yourself and others. Anger can be suppressed and then converted or redirected. This happens when you hold in your anger, stop thinking about it and focus on something positive.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2015)
111. How does a person naturally express anger?
(a) By inspiring powerful feelings
(b) By responding aggressively
(c) By defending oneself
(d) By adapting strong behaviour.
112. Which one of the following places limits on how far we can take our anger?
(a) Behaviour
(b) Feelings
(c) Instinct
(d) Law
113. According to the author, how should people deal with their anger?
(a) Express it assertively
(b) Express it aggressively
(c) Expressing consciously
(d) Expressing unconsciously
114. What does the author mean by being assertive?
(a) Being pushy
(b) Being demanding
(c) Being respectful
(d) Being calm
115. How, according to the author, can one suppress anger ?
(a) By holding one’s anger.
(b) By thinking about one’s anger
(c) By converting anger.
(d) By redirecting anger.
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 116-120)
The crowd surged forward through the narrow streets of Paris. There was a clatter of shutters being closed hastily by trembling hands the citizens of Paris knew that once the fury of the people was excited there was no telling what they might do. They came to an old house which had a workshop on the ground floor. A head popped out of the door to see what it was all about “Get him! Get Thimonier! Smash his devilish machines!” yelled the crowd.
They found the workshop without its owner. M. Thimonier had escaped by the back door. Now the fury of the demonstrators turned against the machines that were standing in the shop, ready to be delivered to buyers. They were systematically broken up and destroyed – dozens of them. Only when the last wheel and spindle had “been trampled under foot did the infuriated crowd recover their senses.
“That is the end of M’Sieur Thimonier and his sewing machines,” they said to one another and went home satisfied. Perhaps now they would find work, for they were all unemployed tailors and seamstresses who believed that their livelihood was threatened by that new invention.
116. The passage throws light on
(a) why inventions should be avoided.
(b) how a well meant invention can be misunderstood
(c) what mischief an inventor can do to ordinary people.
(d) how dangerous an invention can be.
117. The crowd was protesting against
(a) the closings of workshops.
(b) the misdoings of Thimonier.
(c) the newly invented sewing machine
(d) Thimonier for keeping the invention a secret
118. The aim of the crowd was to
(a) kill Thimonier
(b) drive Thimonier away
(c) humiliate Thimonier
(d) destroy the sewing machines
119. The people thought that
(a) their lives were in danger.
(b) Thimonier was mad.
(c) the sewing machine was dangerous.
(d) they would be deprived of their livelihood.
120. Shutters were being closed because the shopkeepers
(a) wanted to attack the crowd.
(b) wanted to protect Thimonier.
(c) feared their shops would be destroyed.
(d) wanted to support the crowd.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 121-125): In question, you have a passage with 5 questions following. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackeing the appropriate circle.
PASSAGE
True, it is the function of the army to maintain law and order in abnormal times. But in normal times, there is another force that compels citizens to obey laws and to act with due regard to the rights of others. The force also protects the lives and properties of law abiding men. Laws are made to secure the personal safety of its subjects and to prevent murder and crimes of violence. They are made to secure the property of the citizens against theft and damage and to protect the rights of communities and castes to carry out their customs and ceremonies, so long as they do not conflict with the rights of others. Now the good citizen, of his own free will obey these laws and he takes care that everything he does is done with due regard to the rights and well being of others.
But the bad citizen is only restrained from breaking these laws by fear of the consequence of his actions. And the necessary steps to compel the bad citizen to act as a good citizen are taken by this force. The supreme control of law and order in a State is in the hands of a Minister, who is responsible to the State Assembly and acts through the Inspector General of Police.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2015)
121. The expression “customs and ceremonies” means :
(a) habits and traditions
(b) fairs and festivals
(c) superstitions and formalities
(d) usual practices and religious rites
122. “They are made to secure the property of citizens against theft and damage” means that the law:
(a) Safeguards people’s possessions against being stolen or lost
(b) Initiates process against offenders of law
(c) helps in recovering the stolen property of the citizens
(d) Assists the citizens whose property has been stolen or destroyed.
123. Which one of the following statement is implied in the passage ?
(a) The police hardly succeed in converting bad citizens into good ones.
(b) Criminals, who flout the law, are seldom brought to book
(c) Peaceful citizens seldom violate the law
(d) The police check the citizens, whether they are good or bad, from violating the law.
124. According to the writer, which one of the following is not the responsibility of the police ?
(a) To check violent activities of citizens.
(b) To maintain peace during extraordinary circumstances.
(c) To protect the privileges of all citizens
(d) To ensure peace among citizens by safeguarding individual rights
125. Which of the following statements is not implied in the passage ?
(a) Law protects those who respect it.
(b) A criminal is deterred from committing crimes only for fear of the law.
(c) The forces of law help to transform irresponsible citizens into responsible ones.
(d) Law ensures people’s religious and social rights absolutely ad unconditionally.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 126-130) : In question, you have a passage with 5 questions following. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle.
Journalists argue over functions of a newspaper. I feel that a provincial paper’s purpose is not only to present and project the news objectively and imaginatively, but to help its readers to express themselves more effectively, canalizing their aspirations, making more articulate their demands. A newspaper should reflect the community it serves- warts and all. When the mirror is held to society it reveals neglect, injustice, ignorance or complacency. It should help to eradicate them. It would be pretentious to think that a newspaper can change the course of world affairs but at the local limit it can exert influence, it can probe, it can help get things done. The individual’s voice must not be stifled. Instead, the readers should be encouraged to express their opinions, fears, hopes, and or their grievances on this platform.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2015)
126. How can the readers air their grievances ?
(a) By being complacent.
(b) By supporting the local newspaper
(c) By writing to journalists
(d) By writing to their local newspaper
127. What is the main purpose of a newspaper?
(a) Project news objectively and imaginatively
(b) To present facts in a blunt way
(c) Exert influence on the individuals
(d) Encourage the readers to be pretentious
128. The expression “warts and all” in the passage means :
(a) hopes and fears
(b) the reader’s grievances
(c) with no attempt to conceal blemishes and inadequacies
(d) the community’s problems
129. How can a newspaper influence local affairs ?
(a) By probing in the ills of society and rallying support for change
(b) By encouraging the readers to accept their grievances
(c) By focusing on world affairs
(d) By influencing public opinion through half truths.
130. In this passage the writer highlights the fact that:
(a) A newspaper should reflect the community it serves
(b) A newspaper should only concentrate on local affairs
(c) Journalists differ in their opinion on the function of a newspaper
(d) Newspaper can eradicate injustice
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 131-135) : A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
The first working steam powered vehicle was designed and most likely built by Ferdinand Verbies, a Flemish member of a Jesuit mission in China around 1672. It was a 65 cm long scale-model toy for the Chinese Emperor, that was unable to carry a driver or a passenger. It is not known if Verbiest’s model was ever built. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is widely credited with building the first full-scale, self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769, he also created a steam-powered tricycle. He constructed two stearti tractors for the French Army, one of which is preserved in the French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts. His inventions were however handicapped by problems of water supply and maintaining steam pressure. In 1801, Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road locomotive, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a steam-powered road vehicle. It was unable to maintain sufficient steam pressure for long periods. Sentiment against steam- powered road vehicles led to the Locomotive Acts of 1865. In 1807 Nicephore Niepce and his brother Claude probably created the world’s first internal combustion engine which they called Pyreolophore.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2016)
131. The first full-scale, working steam powered tricycle was built by: ”
(a) Verbiest
(b) Cugnot
(c) Trevithick
(d) Niepce
132. Cugnot built steam tractors for:
(a) The Chinese Emperor
(b) The French Army
(c) The Jesuit mission
(d) The French Conservatory
133. The problem with Trevithick’s Puffing Devil was:
(a) Its incapability to carry a driver or a passenger
(b) With the water supply
(c) Its inability to maintain steam pressure
(d) Its combustion engine
134. What is meant by “Sentiment” in the context of the given paragraph?
(a) Depression
(b) Fascination
(c) Celebration
(d) Resentment
135. The Pyreolophore was
(a) A self-propelled mechanical vehicle
(b) A steam-powered tricycle
(c) A steam tractor
(d) The name of the world’s first internal combustion engine
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 136-140) :.A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
Dyslexia is a perceptual disorder often occurring in persons of normal, or even above average intelligence. The reader is unable to perceive correctly what is on a page. Letters and numbers often appear reversed: “b” seems to be “d”, “quite” is “quiet” and “from” is “form. The reader tends to leave out letters or words or insert words or letters that are not there. Vowel and consonant sounds maybe confused. Many dyslexics are left-handed or able to write with either hand. They often confuse left and right. Learning to speak may also be delayed beyond infancy. The condition seems to be inherited. It may persist into adulthood. However, with early recognition and specialized approaches to teaching reading, most dyslexics can learn to read.
Some researchers believe that latent dyslexia may be aggravated by the way reading is taught. The modem whole- word, or look-and-say, method seems to be more of a hindrance to learning for dyslexics than it is for ordinary pupils. The phonetic method of teaching students to leam letters and sound them out appears to achieve better reading results. The problem of words that cannot be sounded out such as rough, laugh or through-is not solved by phonetics. These words must simply be memorized. However, for children with dyslexia the problem can be compounded by the failure of parents or teachers to recognize the condition. This can easily lead to emotional problems for dyslexic children, who cannot understand their failure to keep up with their classmates.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2016)
136. Dyslexia, often occurring in persons of normal, or even above average intelligence, is a___
(a) Conceptual disorder
(b) Pathological disease
(c) Perceptive disorder
(d) Perceptual disorder
137. In Dyslexia, letters and figures often appear___
(a) Inverted
(b) Blurred
(c) Reversed
(d) Clustered
138. People suffering from dyslexia are often___
(a) right handed
(b) farsighted
(c) ambidextrous
(d) only left handed
139. Dyslexia may____
(a) be noticed during infancy
(b) last till childhood
(c) persist into adulthood
(d) end when one goes to school
140. The problem of perception can be compounded by the failure of parents and teachers to___
(a) provide treatment
(b) recognize the condition
(c) correct the child at infancy
(d) understand the child
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 141-145) : A passage is given with 5 questions following it. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and click the button corresponding to it.
To know language is to be able to speak it; even a child who does not yet attend school can speak his or her language. In order to speak a language, it is important to listen to it and to read a few pages in it everyday. A child picks up language and learns to talk just as (s) he learns to walk. Walking and talking comes naturally to a child as it grows. In our country, a child may grow up speaking more than one language, if these languages are spoken in the home and in the neighbourhood, we call this multilingualism. A child speaks a language or languages much before (s)he starts going to school. To know a language then is first of all to be able to speak it as easily and naturally as a three year old child does. Later on, the child will learn to read and write in that language. In order to read and write in a language, one has to speak it. But it is possible to speak a language but not able to read or write in it. A baby does not speak until it is nine months old but it understands a few words at six months of age. It has been listening ever since it was born, and even a little before that. So, the first strategy in speaking a language is to listen.
(SSC CGL 1st Sit. 2016)
141. One of the activities of a child before it is even born is____
(a) seeing
(b) listening
(c) understanding
(d) talking
142. It is necessary for one to___ the language before (s)he writes in that language.
(a) sing
(b) spell
(c) speak
(d) none of the above
143. Multi-lingualism means
(a) speaking more than one language
(b) speaking only one language
(c) speaking any language
(d) speech
144. A child has been ___ever since it was born
(a) speaking
(b) reading
(c) walking
(d) listening
145. To know a language one must be able to
(a) Speak it as easily and naturally as a three year old child.
(b) Read it well all the time.
(c) Write it quickly
(d) Sing in the language
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 146-150) : In questions below, you have a ‘ passage with 5 questions. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle [•].
Research is a detailed study of a subject undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems or develop new theories. To test the validity of instruments, procedures or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research are documentation, discovery, interpretation or the research and
development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, etc.
Academic publishing describes a system that is necessary in order for academic scholars to review the work and make it available for a wider audience. Most academic work is published in book form. There is also a large body of research that exists in either a thesis or dissertation form. Many researchers spend their time applying for grants for research funds. These grants are necessary not only for researchers to carry out their research, but also as a source of merit.
(SSC SI 2015)
146. How many kinds of research are there ?
(a) There are seven different kinds of research.
(b) There are different kinds of research.
(c) There is only one kind of research.
(d) There are two different kinds of research.
147. Select the answer which best reflects the view expressed in the passage.
(a) Grants are not based on merit.
(b) Researchers never apply for grants.
(c) Research can thrive without grants.
(d) Documentation is important in research.
148. Why is research conducted ?
(a) Research is conducted in order to minimise the result of previous works.
(b) Research is conducted in order to destroy facts.
(c) Research is conducted in order to develop new problems.
(d) Research is conducted in order to verify information.
149. What is research ?
(a) Research is the destruction of previous works.
(b) Research is the creation of new forms of knowledge.
(c) Research is a process having no practical use.
(d) Research is the attempt to limit the growth of knowledge.
150. Choose the most appropriate answer from this passage.
(a) Academic publishing is meant only for academicians.
(b) Academic publishing is meant only for professionals.
(c) Academic publishing is meant to benefit the general public.
(d) Academic publishing is meant only for experts.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 151-160): You have two brief passages with 5 questions following each passage. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate oval [•].
PASSAGE I
(Question Nos. 151-155)
Street theatre in India is a well established ancient art form. Despite the proliferation of modern means of entertainment and communication, street theatre continues to flourish in India.
Street theatre as a channel of communication has for centuries been propagating reforms by highlighting social, economic and political issues present in the society. Unlike in the olden days, its performance is no longer restricted to villages or small localities of the city. Today small groups of performers including students, would stage performances to mobilize public opinion or to help create or raise awareness over a particular issue of public importance. Themes on substance abuse, AIDS awareness, and domestic violence are some of the areas highlighted by contemporary street theatre troupe. Unlike in regular drama street drama employ very little props and images. The human body becomes the main tool in which choreography, mime, dialogues, songs and slogans are extensively used.
Street theatre is one of the most intimate media. Its appeal is to the emotions leading to quick psychological impact on audiences. By being local and live they also are able to
establish not only direct contact with the audience but by being cost- effective and flexible they are popular among all age groups.
(SSC SI 2014)
151. Modern means of entertainment and communication___ street theatre.
(a) does affect
(b) does not affect
(c) helps popularis
(d) helps establish
152. In the olden days, street theatre ___to villages or small localities of the city.
(a) was restricted
(b) was not restricted
(c) was opened
(d) was entertained
153. Street theatre usually___ with issues of public importance.
(a) is distanced
(b) is performed
(c) deals
(d) does not deal
154. Street theatre is ___to stage.
(a) nothing
(b) costly
(c) reasonable
(d) affordable
155. Street theatre creates an/a ___impact on audiences.
(a) intimate
(b) emotional
(c) mystical
(d) physical
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 156-160)
Self directed learning, in its broadest meaning, describes a process in which individuals take the initiative with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs formulating learning goals, identifying resources for learning, choosing and implementing learning strategies and evaluating learning outcomes. Thus, it is important to attain new knowledge easily and skillfully for the rest of his or her life.
What is the need for self directed learning? One reason is that there is convincing evidence that people, who take the initiative in learning, learn more things and learn better than people who sit at the feet of teachers passively waiting to be taught. The second reason is that self-directed learning is more in tune with our natural processes of psychological development; an essential aspect of maturing is developing the ability to take increasing responsibility of our own lives to become increasingly self-directed. The third reason is that many of the new developments in education put a heavy responsibility on the learners to take a good deal of initiative in their own learning. To meet the challenges in today’s instructive environment, self-directed learning is most essential.
156. In self-directed learning, an individual
(a) Takes initiative with or without the help of others
(b) Is passive and waits for directions
(c) Is helpless and dependent
(d) Takes initiative, without an objective
157. There is need for self-directed learning because
(a) it is less challenging
(b) it helps people to learn more things and learn better
(c) it is a more cost-effective method
(d) it is a modem method of learning
158. Which word best describes self-directed learning ?
(a) Active learning
(b) Passive learning
(c) Compulsory learning
(d) Repulsive learning
159. The modem environment according to the author is
(a) Restrictive
(b) Instructive
(c) Less developed
(d) Impracticable
160. The synonym of the word “diagnosing” is
(a) Searching
(b) Examining
(c) Identifying
(d) Complying
PASSAGE-1
(Question Nos. 161-165)
It is not luck but labour that makes good luck, says an American author, is ever waiting for something to turn up; labour with keen eyes and strong will power turns up something. Luck lies in bed and wishes the postman would bring him news of a legacy, labour turns out at six and with busy pen and ringing hammer lays the foundation of competence. Luck whines, labour watches, luck relies upon chance, labour upon character. Luck slips downwards to self-indul-gence ; labour strides upwards and aspires to independence. The conviction, therefore, is extending that diligence is the mother of good luck. In other words, a man’s success in life will be proportionate to his efforts, to his industry, to his attention to small things.
(SSC SI 2013)
161. Which one of the following words in the passage indicates that the writer does not ultimately reject the element of luck?
(a) ‘Luck whines’
(b) ‘Diligence is the mother of good luck’
(c) Luck wishes the postman would bring him news’.
(d) Luck is ever waiting.’
162. Which pair of words means the same thing?
(a) Labour and industry
(b) Industry and legacy
(c) Diligence and legacy
(d) Legacy and labour
163. Which one of the following statements sums up the meaning of the passage?
(a) Luck waits and complains without working while labour achieves success although it complains.
(b) Luck is self indulgent, but labour is selfless.
(c) Luck often ends in defeat but labour produces luck.
(d) Luck waits without exertion, but labour exerts without waiting.
164. Labour turns out at six and with busy pen and ringing hammer lays the foundation of competence. What does this statement mean?
(a) Labour lays the foundation of the building.
(b) The writer and the labourer are the true eyes of the society.
(c) There is no worker who works so hard as the labourer who begins his day at six in the morning.
(d) Hardwork of all kinds makes people different.
165. Which one of the statements is true about the passage?
(a) Success depends only on hardluck.
(b) Expectation of good luck always meets with disappoinment.
(c) Success is exactly proportionate to hard work.
(d) Luck is neccessary for success.
PASSAGE-II
(Question Nos. 166-170)
Violence has played a great part in the world’s history. It is today playing an equally important part and probably it will continue to do so for a considerable time. It is impossible to ignore the importance of violence in the past and present. To do so is to ignore life. Yet violence is undoubtedly bad and brings an unending trail of evil consequences with it. And worse even than violence are the motives of hatred, cruelty, revenge and punishment which very often accompany violence. Indeed, violence is bad, not intrinsically, but because of these motives that go with it. There can be violence without these motives; there can be violence for a good object as well as for an evil object. But it is extremely difficult to separate violence from these motives, and therefore, it is desirable to avoid as far as possible.
In avoiding it, however, someone can not accept a negative attitude of submitting to bad and far greater evils. Submission to violence or the acceptance of an unjust regime based on violence is against the spirit of non-violence. The non-violent method, in order to justify itself, must be dynamic and capable of changing such a regime of social order.
166. The word ‘dynamic’ in the concluding line of the passage means:
(a) active
(b) energetic
(c) capable of change and progress
(d) all of the above
167. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Only violence can be used against violence.
(b) Violence is not inherently ill
(c) Violence is a historically accepted fact.
(d) Violence can not be ignored.
168. ‘Violence without these motives’ is possible only in :
(a) practice
(b) reality
(c) dream
(d) theory
169. ‘Indeed, violence is bad, not intrinsically, but because of these motives that go with it’.
This suggests:
(a) Violence is basically good.
(b) Violence is bad only when it is associated with certain motives.
(c) Violence is bad because the people who exercise it are bad.
(d) Violence is basically bad.
170. Non-violence, according to the writer, means:
(a) violence without the evil motives.
(b) giving in to the tyranny of the powerful
(c) accepting violence as a fact of life.
(d) None of the above.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 171-175) : You have a brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate oval
Freedom has assuredly given us a new status and new opportunities. But it also implies that we should discard selfishness, laziness and all narrowness of outlook. Our freedom suggests toil and creation of new values for old ones. We should so discipline ourselves as to be able to discharge our new responsibilities satisfactorily. If there is any one thing that needs to be stressed more, than any other in the new set-up, it is that we should put into action our full, capacity, each one of us in productive effort – each one of us in his own sphere, however humble. Work, unceasing work, should now be our watch-word. Work is wealth, and service is happiness. Nothing else is. The greatest crime in India today is idleness. If we root out idleness, all our difficulties, including even conflicts, will gradually disappear.
(SSC CHSL 2013)
171. Anyone can free himself from the clutches of difficulties, if he
(a) eliminates narrow outlook
(b) fulfils his responsibilities
(c) discards idleness
(d) discharges his obligations
172. What has freedom undeniably offered to the citizens of India ?
(a) New opportunities
(b) New outlook
(c) New responsibilities
(d) New values
173. One thing needs to be stressed more than anything else in this new set-up. It is that people should
(a) discard narrowness of outlook
(b) discipline themselves suitably
(c) work to their full capacity
(d) substitute old values with new ones
174.___ Work should be the motto of our citizens.
(a) Resourceful
(b) Incessant
(c) Productive
(d) Ingenious
175. Nothing else can give us joy except ___.
(a) service
(b) idleness
(c) wealth
(d) freedom
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 176-180) : Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question, out of the four alternatives.
Long ago in Mongolia there lived an emperor who feared growing old. One day, he saw an old man in the street. Upset at being reminded that someday, he too, would age, he ordered all the old people to leave his land.
One day, a violent storm swept the kingdom. Nothing was safe from its fury. It roared into the palace and blew away the emperor’s belongings, including his priceless golden pitcher. When the storm ended, the emperor ordered that the pitcher be found and brought back to him.
People went in search of the pitcher. They saw it in a lake nearby. But no matter who tried, no one could get a grip on the pitcher. All they got was a handful of water. Yet it could be plainly seen, glittering and just below the water’s surface.
(SSC CHSL 2013)
176. The people saw the golden pitcher
(a) in a river nearby
(b) in a lake nearby
(c) in a pit nearby
(d) inside the palace
177. The emperor’s orders were that all the
(a) children should leave his land
(b) old men should leave his land
(c) old men should live in his land
(d) young men should stay in his land
178. What did the people who went to bring the pitcher get?
(a) Nothing at all
(b) A handful of water
(c) A handful of air
(d) The pitcher’s handle
179. The emperor feared
(a) getting old
(b) getting young
(c) getting weak
(d) getting ill
180. The emperor was upset to see the old man because
(a) it reminded him of his grandfather
(b) it reminded him that he might fall ill
(c) it reminded him that he would grow old too.
(d) it reminded him that he had to colour his hair.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 181-185) : In question, you have a brief passage with 5 questions. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each questions out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate oval [•].
“Something is very wrong, “says the detective. “I know!” says Ms. Gervis. “It is wrong that someone has stolen from me!” The detective looks around Ms. Gervis’ apartment. “That is not what I am talking about, ma’am. What is wrong is that I do not undo-stand how the robber got in and out.” Ms. Gervis and the detective stand in silence. Ms. Gervis’ eyes are full of tears. Her hands are shaking. “The robber did not come through the window,” says the detective. “These windows have not been opened or shut in months.” The detective looks at the fireplace. “The robber did not squeeze down here.”
The detective walks to the front door. He examines the latch. “And since there are no marks or scratches, the robber definitely did not try to or scratches, the robber definitely did not try to break the lock.” ” I have no idea how he did it.” says a bothered Ms. Gervis. “It is a big mystery.” “And you say the robber stole nothing else?” asks the detective. “No money, no jewellery, no crystal?” That’s right, detective. He took only what was important to me,” Ms. Gervis says with a sigh. “There is only one thing I can do now.” And what is that?” the detective asks with surprise. “I will stop baking cakes,” Ms. Gervis says. “They are mine to give away. They are not for someone to steal.” “You can’t do that!” says the detective with alarm. “Who will bake those delicious cakes?” “I am sorry. I do not know,” says Ms. Gervis, “I must solve this case immediately!” says the detective.
(SSC CHSL 2014)
181. What does Ms. Gervis say is a big mystery?
(a) How the robber got in
(b) How the robber got in and out
(c) How the robber got out
(d) How the robber stole
182. What was stolen?
(a) Crystal
(b) Money
(c) Cakes
(d) Jewellery
183. Why does the detective say, “I must solve this case immediately?”
(a) Because Ms. Gervis is scared
(b) Becuase Ms. Gervis is crying
(c) Because Ms. Gervis is worried about who stole from her house
(d) Because Ms. Gervis says she won’t bake cakes again
184. What does the expression ‘her hands are shaking’ mean here?
(a) Ms. Gervis is shivering with fever
(b) Ms. Gervis is shivering with wonder
(c) Ms. Gervis is shivering with cold
(d) Ms. Gervis is shivering with fear
185. Why does the detective say that the robber did not come through the front door?
(a) The latch was not opened
(b) There was no doorbell
(c) There was no lock
(d) There were no scratches
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 186-190): Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out ofthe four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle [•].
(SSC Stenographer 2016)
Like watering a plant, we grow our friendships [and all our relationships) by running them. Friendships need the same attention as other relationships. If they are to continue. These relationships can be delightfully non-judgemental, supportive, understanding and fun.
Sometimes a friendship can bring out the positive side that you never show in any other relationship. This may be because the pressure of playing a ‘role’ (daughter, partner or child) is removed. With a friend you are to be yourself and free to change. Of course, you are free to do this in all other relationships as well, but in friendships you get to have lats of rehearsals and discussion about changes as you experience them. It is an unconditional experience where you receive as much as you give. You can explain yourself to a friend openly without the fear of hurting a family member. How do friendships grow ? The answer is simple. By revealing yourself; being attentive: remembering what is most showing empathy; seeing the world through the eyes of your friend, you will understand the value of friendship. All this means learning to accept a person from a completely different family to your own or perhaps someone from a completely different cultural background. This is the way we learn tolerance. In turn we gain tolerance and acceptance for our own differences.
186. In good friendships, we
(a) give and receive.
(b) neither give nor receive.
(c) only give.
(d) only receive.
187. Empathy means
(a) someone else’s misfortunes
(b) the ability to share and understand another feelings.
(c) skill and efficiency
(d) ability to do something
188. Through strong friendships, we gain
(a) only acceptance.
(b) only attention.
(c) acceptance and tolerance.
(d) only tolerance.
189. Friendships and relationships grow when they are
(a) compared
(b) divided
(c) favoured
(d) nurtured
190. When we are with a good friend, we tend
(a) to be ourselves.
(b) not to be ourselves.
(c) to shut ourselves.
(d) to be someone else.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 191-195): Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle
(SSC Stenographer 2016)
In the history of Britain, the period from 1837 to 1901 is known as the Victorian Age.
The period saw the long and prosperous reign of Queen Victoria in England. Charles Dickens was the most popular novelist of this period. He became famous for his depiction of the life of the working class, intricate plots and sense of humour. However, it was the vast galaxy of unusual characters created by him that made him more popular than any of his contemporaries. Drawn from everyday life and the world around him, these characters were such that readers could relate to them. Beginning with The Pickwick Papers in 1836, Dickens wrote numerous novels, each uniquely filled with believable personalities and vivid physical descriptions. According to Dickens’ friend and biographer, John Forster. Dickens made “characters real existences, not by describing them but letting them describe themselves.”
191. Dickens became famous for depicting the life of
(a) the business class, intricate plots and sense of humour.
(b) the working class, dull plots and sense of humour.
(c) the working class, intricate plots and lack of humour.
(d) the working class, intricate plots and sense of humour.
192. Dickens’ characters were drawn from
(a) everyday life and the world around him.
(b) unbelievable personalities.
(c) royal families.
(d) everyday life and the world beyond him.
193. John Forster was Dickens’
(a) friend and editor
(b) friend and biographer
(c) best friend and philosopher
(d) friend and doctor
194. The period between 1837-1901 is known as the
(a) the Shakespearian Age
(b) the Victorian Age
(c) the Dark Age
(d) the Elizabethan Age
195. The word ‘popular’ in the passage means
(a) propelling
(b) problematic
(c) successful
(d) poor
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 196-200) : Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives and mark it by blackening the appropriate circle
(SSC Stenographer 2016)
Chameleons can make their skin colour change, but not because they decide to. The colour changes to help the chameleon avoid its enemies. It is a forth of camouflage, a disguise that lets it blend in with its surroundings. The determined by environmental factors, such as light and change is actually temperature.
Bright sunlight causes the skin to darken. On cool nights, the colour fades to a creamy changes chameleons are excited, angry or afraid. The colour, The colour change is rapid and increases when the chameleon is handled, injured, or approached by another chameleon. There are many types of chameleons. Almost half of them are found cm the African island ofMadagascar.
The others mostly occur in the Sahara Desert, with few in Western Asia and Southern Europe. Chameleons live in trees, where they usually eat insects. Very large chameleons may even use their sticky tongues to catch birds.
196. Chameleons change colour when they are
(a) angry, excited or happy.
(b) afraid, angry or hungry.
(c) afraid, excited or angry.
(d) excited, angry or hungry.
197. Half of the worlds’ Chameleons are found
(a) on the African island of Madagascar.
(b) on the Asian island of Madagascar.
(c) in the continent of Asia.
(d) in the Sahara Desert.
198. The colour changing ability of a chameleon is a form of camouflage which is a
(a) dance done by chameleons.
(b) colour that fades.
(c) disease which affects chameleons.
(d) disguise that lets it blend in with its surroundings.
199. A chameleon’s colour changes to help it
(a) avoid its enemies.
(b) fly away.
(c) look beautiful.
(d) attract prey.
200. The colour change is determined by
(a) pressure and temperature.
(b) light and temperature.
(c) light and wind.
(d) light and pressure.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 201-205) : Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
(SSC Sub. Ins. 2016)
PASSAGE
Flattery means ‘praising insincerely in order to please’, Every flatterer says words in which he himself does not believe. While flattering, he is insincere to the man he is praising and to himself. In doing so, he does not mind if he corrupts the minds of those whom he flatters.
Flattery is immoral because it stains the human conscience. It creates a world of falsehood and thus, an outrage of man’s sense of decency and gentlemanly behaviour.
A man who feels happy when flattered lives in a fool’s paradise. Flattery is the ready weapon of the opportunist. This weapon easily conquers the weak willed man. It works on the general weakness of human beings. We all love to be told what we are not rather than what we are. Flattery is equally bad for him who is flattered and for him who flatters.
Flattery deceives us by giving us false notions about ourselves. By falling a victim to it, we show lack of character. By accepting flattery we make ourselves small beings. It is an evil which rains social and moral values by claiming what is not rightfully its own. It thrives on corruption and leads to human bankruptcy. It is thus, the greatest of disease which can plague humanity.
201. How does flattery deceive us ?
(a) It makes us more corrupt.
(b) Is makes us feel indecent.
(c) It makes us bankrupt.
(d) It gives us false ideas about ourselves.
202. ‘Thrives’ in the passage means
(a) prospers
(b) collects
(c) provides
(d) fills
203. Flattery can stain the
(a) mind
(b) human conscience
(c) heart
(d) emotion
204. Flattery means
(a) insincere praise in order to please
(b) being anti-social
(c) claiming what is not ours
(d) being immoral
205. How does the weapon of flattery work?
(a) It conquers the man with a weak will.
(b) A man feels sad.
(c) It conquers the man with a strong will.
(d) A man does not like it.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 206-210): Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
(SSC Sub. Ins. 2016)
PASSAGE
The destructive process of Mountain Top Removal mining (MTR) has caused permanent damage to Appalachia. Although the law requires that mining companies restore the mountaintops after the mining has been completed, the 1.5 million acres of mountains that have already been removed cannot be re-grown, re-built, or replaced. The companies do secure the rock formations to prevent erosion and landslides, but their efforts cannot recreate the once beautiful mountain landscape. Furthermore, while companies are usually vigilant about securing the rock formations, they seem less interested in restoring the native vegetation. MTR operations clear enormous tracts of forest. Environmental hazards are not only creates in preparing a mountaintop for mining, they also continue once the coal has been extracted. After the blast, the excess mountaintop which miners refer to as “overburden” is usually dumped into nearby valleys or streams, the overburden contains a variety of toxic sabstances, including explosive residue, silica and coal dust.
206. The word opposite in meaning to “Vegilant”is
(a) lenient
(b) displeased
(c) careless
(d) annoyed
207. MTR operations cause environmental hazards because
(a) mountaintops dumped in valleys and streams contain toxic substance.
(b) it destroys natural vegetation.
(c) it causes explosion.
(d) it causes landslides.
208. In the Appalachian region MTR has caused
(a) floods
(b) widespread damage
(c) landslides
(d) permanent beautification
209. After the MTR operation, the mining companies
(a) replace the mountaintops.
(b) beautify the mountains.
(c) restore native vegetation.
(d) secure rock formations to prevent erosion.
210. The term “overburden” means
(a) excess mountaintop left after the extraction of coal through the blast.
(b) weeds planted by mining companies.
(c) remnants of natural forests.
(d) debris from landslides.
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 211 – 215): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :
A passage is given with five questions following it. Read the passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the given four alternatives.
Antarctica is a mostly unpopulated continent. It is the coldest, driest and most remote place in the world. And it is the world’s only continent that does not have a native population. No single country owns the Antarctic. However a number of countries, including Argentina, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, France and the United Kingdom, have already laid claim to the Antartic and others will probably follow. In some areas of the continent, two countries claim the same land.
The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 and creates the rules for the exploration of the Antarctic. The treaty forbids military activity in the Antarctic, as well as mining. Many countries, however, think that there are valuable materials and minerals locked up under the frozen Antarctic, ice. In addition, the treaty bans nuclear testing as well as dumping nuclear waste. The Antarctic. Treaty was made to protect the continent and avoid further disputes. By 2048, the treaty must be renewed. New rules and regulations could be imposed by then.
Currently, almost all of the 70 bases in the Antarctic are used for research and scientific activity. The snow-covered continent is perfect for tracking satellites and space research because it offers clear blue, cloudless skies. Climatologists are studying the development of the ozone layer with growing concern. It was here that a hole in the layer was discovered for the first time. More than 4000 scientists operate the research stations in the Antarctic summer, while only about a thousand populate the continent during the harsh and severe winters. Environmentalists fear that exploiting Antarctica for military and economic reasons will damage the environment. At present, there is no economic activity in Antarctica, except for cruise ships that travel around the continent. This could change, if a new treaty allows mining in the Antarctic. As mineral resources are dwindling in other areas, nations could turn to Antarctica to find and exploit valuable raw materials.
Some geologists say that there are over 200 billion barrels of oil under the Antarctic ice. At the moment getting at these reserves would be very expensive. In addition, economic experts claim that there are large amounts of coal, nickel and copper under the Antarctic ice.
(SSC Sub. Ins. 2017)
211. Which country’s name is not being mentioned in the passage?
(a) Argentina
(b) Chile
(c) New Zealand
(d) Austria
212.When was the Antarctic Treaty signed?
(a) 1959
(b) 1958
(c) 1960
(d) 1969
213. Why was Antarctic Treaty signed?
(a) to protect the continent
(b) to ban dumping of nuclear waste
(c) to create rules for its exploration
(d) All of these.
214. Why did environmentalists have fear of exploring Antarctica for military and economic reasons.
(a) unfavourable weather conditions
(b) high involvement of cost
(c) damage to environment
(d) None of these
215. According to the passage, the reserves of which mineral is not found under the Antarctic ice?
(a) coal
(b) iron
(c) nickel
(d) copper
DIRECTIONS (216 – 220): Read the given passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the four given alternatives.
For most people, music is an important part of daily life. Some rely on music to get them through the morning commute, while others turn up a favorite playlist to stay pumped during a workout. Many folks even have the stereo on when they’re cooking a meal, taking a shower, or folding the laundry. Music is often linked to mood. A certain song can make us feel happy, sad, energetic, or relaxed. Because music can have such an impact on a person’s mindset and well-being, it should come as no surprise that music therapy has been studied for use in managing numerous medical conditions. All forms of music may have therapeutic effects, although music from ons’s own culture may be most effective. In Chinese medical theory, the five internal organs and meridian systems are believed to have corresponding musical tones, which are used to encourage healing.
(SSC Stenographer 2017)
216. Music is often linked to
(a) anger
(b) mood
(c) anxiety
(d) happiness
217. How is music an important part of life?
(a) It makes us feel different emotions
(b) It makes us sad
(c) It helps in our daily activities
(d) It helps us in remembering things
218. Which of the statements is true?
(a) All forms of music may heal wounds
(b) All forms of music may have good effect
(c) All forms of music may be sooting
(d) All forms of music may have therapeutic effects
219. How can music be used as a therapy?
(a) It can help us to manage our day to day activities
(b) It can help us in managing numerous medical – conditions
(c) It can help us manage our life
(d) It can help us manage our careers
220. In Chinese medical theory, the five internal organs and meridian systems___
(a) are believed to have musical chords
(b) are believed to have no musical tones
(c) are believed to have same musical tones
(d) are believed to have corresponding musical tones
DIRECTIONS (221 – 230): Read the given passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the four given alternatives.
Approximately half of India’s 1.2 billion people are under the age of 26, and by 2020 we are forecasted to be the youngest country in the world, with a median age of 29 years. With this tremendous forecast, it becomes imperative to ensure an environment which promotes positive well-being. Unfortunately, India has the highest suicide rate in the world among the youth standing at 35.5per 100,000 people for 2012. The reason for such high numbers can be attributed to lack of economic, social, and emotional resourses. More specifically, academic pressure,
workplace stress, social pressures, modernisation of urban centers, relationship concerns, and the breakdown of support systems. Some researchers have attributed the rise of youth suicide to urbanisation and the breakdown of the traditional large family support system. The clash of values within families is an important factor. As young Indians become more progressive, their traditionalist households become less supportive of their choices pertaining to financial independence, marriage age, premarital sex, rehabilitation and taking care of the elderly.
(SSC Stenographer 2017)
221. Approximately half of India’s 1.2 billion people are under the age of .
(a) 30
(b) 26
(c) 22
(d) 18
222. What are the reasons for high number of suicide rates among the youth in India.?
(a) lack of monetary help by the government
(b) lack of healthy foods
(c) lack of economical, social and emotional resources
(d) lack of good roads and transports
223. By which year India will become the youngest country in the world?
(a) 2017
(b) 2030
(c) 2019
(d) 2020
224. The ___within families is an important factor.
(a) clash of values
(b) clash of resources
(c) clash of power
(d) clash of thinking
225.How can we prevent youth from committing suicide?
(a) by making families progressive
(b) by creating an environment that which promotes good behaviour
(c) by creating an environment that which promotes positive well being
(d) by creating career opportunities
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 226 – 230): Read the given passage carefully and select the best answer to each question out of the four given alternatives.
He was a vendor of sweets. He had his own peculiar method of advertising and doing business. He never depended upon others for help and worked hard all alone. I speak of Murali- the man who sold sweets. His customers were children, the future citizens of the world. At the stroke of nine in the morning, Murali would stand in front of the school with his tray of sweets. Till about eleven, the sale would be brisk. After that he moved off to other places. Even when the sweets became sticky in the heat, his business never slackened. There was depression in his business when the holidays came.
(SSC Stenographer 2017)
226.Who was Murali?
(a) a businessman
(b) a vendor of sweets
(c) a job seeker
(d) a student
227.Who were his customers?
(a) the children
(b) the adults
(c) the office goers
(d) the housewives
228. What time would he go to the school?
(a) at 10 in the morning
(b) at 8 in the morning
(c) at 3 in the afternoon
(d) at 9 in the morning
229. Complete the sentence.Till about eleven, the sale would be .
(a) high
(b) worse
(c) brisk
(d) low
230. When did the depression come in his business?
(a) after the holiays
(b) when the holidays came
(c) he was found cheating
(d) None of these
DIRECTIONS (Qs. 231 – 235): Read the following passage carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
Passage
Expedition mountaineering could be viewd as slow and heavy, where climbers may use porters, pack animals glacier airplanes, cooks, multiple carries between camps, usage of fixed lines, etc. Expedition mountaineers still employ the skill sets of the aphine mountaineer, except they have to deal with even higher altitudes, expanded time scale, longer routes, foreign logistics, more severe weather, and additional skills unique to expeditionary climbing. The prevalence of expedition-style climbing in the Himalaya is largely a function of the nature of the mountains in the region. Because Himalayan base camps can take days or weeks to trek to, and Himalayan mountains can take weeks or perhaps even months to climb, a large number of personal and amount of supplies are necessary. This is why expedition-style climbing is frequently used on large an isolated peaks in the Himalaya in, Europe and North America there is less of a need for expedition-style climbing on most medium-sized mountains. These mountains can often be easily accessed by car or air, are at a lower altitude and can be climbed in a shorter time scale.
(SSC MTS 2017)
231. Which of the following is true?
(a) Expeditionary climbing is popular in the Americans,
(b) Most medium-sized peaks in Europe are accessed by car or air.
(c) Himalayan base camp treks can be completed in a day or two.
(d) European and North American mountains require expanded time scale for climbing
232. What necessitates the huge amount of supplies and large number of personel in Himalayan expeditions?
(a) foreign logistics
(b) low altitudes
(c) expanded time scale
(d) severe weather condition
233. Which of the following style of mountaineering is considered to be slow and heavy?
(a) sports mountaineering
(b) expedition mountaineering
(c) alpine mountaineering
(d) Himalayan mountaineering
234. What accounts for the greater prevalence of expedition mountaineering in the Himalayas?
(a) glacier airplanes
(b) the severe weather condition
(c) the specific nature of mountains ”
(d) multiple carries between camps
235. Which of the following is best undertaken as expedition mountaineering?
(a) medium-sized mountains
(b) short time scale mountaineering
(c) peaks in Europe and North America
(d) large and isolated peaks
Hints & Solutions
1.(a)
Special words used in technical discussion have the chances of becoming part of common speech because thousands of such words are included in every large dictionary.
2.(c)
Since, the entire passage deals with words, technical vocabulary and dictionary etc. therefore, it can be concluded that the writer of this passage is a linguist.
3. (b)
The passage primarily discusses technical terminology.
4. (c)
The average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
5. (d)
The last line of the passage reveals the increase in the number of technical terms in the nomenclature of government.
6. (b)
The Eradication of Small-pox
7. (b)
To eliminate smallpox world-wide in ten years.
8. (c)
Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations
9. (a)
Previous projects had failed.
10. (c)
Small-pox victims no longer die when they contract the disease
11. (b)
The prize being discussed in awarded every year. The third line of the passage clearly exhibits this fact.
12.(a)
The passage discusses about the Nobel Prize because every year, it is given in six fields, namely, Physics, Chemistry, Literature, Medicine or Physiology, Peace and Economics.
Magsaysay Award is given for trans formative leadership in Asia, Pulitzer Prize is given in the field of journalism and literature and Booker Prize is given to novelists i.e. it is a literary prize.
13. (c)
Three fields of Science in which Nobel Prize is given are- Physics, Chemistry and Medicine or Physiology. Rest of the fields are non-Science.
14. (a)
The annual prize money amounts to £8000.
15. (d)
Nobel Prize is awarded in all of the mentioned fields given in the options.
16. (c)
The very first line of the passage reveals that we can become angry on someone’s opinion contrary to ours only when our own opinion is not based on good reason and we are aware of this subconsciously.
17. (a)
‘Your own contrary conviction’ refers to the fact that you feel pity rather than anger.
18. (c)
Conviction means a firmly held belief or opinion.
19. (d)
If someone maintains that two and two are five, you feel pity because you feel sorry for his ignorance of the subject i.e. Arithmetic.
20.(d)
The second sentence in the passage elaborates the hidden i.e. the main point in the first sentence.
21.(b)
The phrase ‘or tenterhooks’ means a state of suspense or agitation because of uncertainity about a future event.
22.(d)
The passage clearly shows that money alone can’t give happiness.
23.(a)
All these three points given in the option are discussed in the passage.
24.(c)
‘Contentment, the key of happiness’ suits the best as the title of the passage.
25.(c)
This fact is clearly mentioned in the passage.
27. (b)
28. (c)
29. (a)
30. (c)
31.(c)
32. (d)
33. (b)
34. (c)
35. (b)
36.(c)
37. (b)
38. (d)
39. (b)
40. (d)
41.(b)
The passage is about development dilemma
42.(d)
Look at the sentence: The real problem is that course promoters view development as something which primarily, takes place in a class room.
43.(a)
Critical
44(d)
Unprogressive
45.(b)
A (fixed) attitude of mind
46.(b)
Self-discipline
47.(c)
Must change himself
48.(d)
A gandhian who disciplines himself from within
49.(c)
Man will one day die and become dust
50.(a)
A sum of individuals
51.(a)
Since, WHO has been established with a specific purpose, therefore, it is a specialised agency.
52.(a)
International means belonging to the whole world.
53.(c)
From the fourth line of the passage, it is evident that ‘they’ refers to the international health workers.
54.(d)
This option best explains the meaning of the given sentence in the question.
55.(d)
The author has discussed two possible ways of preventing diseases viz. Vaccination and spraying of houses with poisonous substances.
56.(d)
In the first paragraph, it is clearly mentioned that the author considers telephone a pest and time waster. He is of the view that a telephone may create unnecessary suspense and anxiety.
57.(b)
Second half of the first paragraph clearly explains this option and is the reason why he hates speaking in public telephone booth.
58. (c)
The line explains one’s frustration when one goes to a telephone booth. ‘___ Chilled by the cold look____‘refers to the situation. when one feels uneasy because the person next in the queue Looks at him restlessly.
59. (d)
The sentence means that one should be strong minded.
60.(d)
None of the options gives the correct reason as to why all telephone numbers are wrong numbers. The author considers all telephone numbers as wrong numbers because after an unanswered telephone ring, it will ring continuously thereby, creating hindrance in the privacy of his own home.
61. (a)
62. (b)
63. (c)
64. (b)
65. (a)
66. (c)
67. (b)
68. (d)
69. (a)
70. (d)
71. (b)
72. (d)
73. (b)
74. (a)
75. (a)
76. (b)
77. (d)
78. (a)
Fish out of water A person who feels uncomfortable or awkward due to unfamiliar surrounding or situations.
79. (d)
80. (d)
81. (a)
82. (c)
83. (b)
Baltimore Oriole is of 7 inches in length.
84. (c)
85. (c)
86. (d)
87. (a)
88. (c)
89. (d)
90. (a)
91. (d)
92. (c)
93. (b)
94. (c)
95. (d)
96. (b)
97. (c)
98. (b)
99. (b)
100. (d)
101. (b)
The writer felt unusually solitary because he was missing the company of other holiday makers.
102. (c)
“I left all signs of habitation behind me”
This means that he had come very far from places where people lived.
103. (b)
It became darker than the writer expected because the nights are longer in October than midsummer.
104. (b)
The writer found it difficult to keep to the path because of poor visibility and grassy track.
105. (d)
When he settled himself on the fork of the tree the writer tried to sleep but without much success.
106. (d)
At the beginning of the passage, the writer expresses her opinion that in many countries progress is synonymous with utmost rue1ty to nature.
107. (b)
In the passage the term ‘exploiting’ nature suggests ‘sarcasm’.
108. (b)
Nehru objected to the phrase ‘conquest of Everest’ since it sounds pompous and boastful.
109. (c)
Gandhiji’s statement ‘It is decreasing in the jungles but it is increasing in the towns!’ refers to man’s selfishness.
110. (d)
The writer is of opinion that tribal people can be prevented from combing forest or food to provide employment and purchasing power for daily necessities.
111. (b)
A person naturally expresses his anger by responding aggressively.
112. (d)
Laws, social norms and common sense limits on how far we can take our anger.
113. (a)
People should deal with their anger by expressing it assertively.
114. (c)
According to author, being assertive means to be respectful of yourself and others.
115. (a)
One, according to author, can suppress his anger by holding his anger.
116. (b)
The passage throws light on how a well-means invention can be misunderstood.
117. (c)
The crowd was protesting against the newly invented sewing machine.
118. (d)
The aim of the crowd was to destroy the sewing machines.
119. (d)
People thought they would be deprived of their livelihood.
120. (c)
Shutters were being closed because the shopkeepers feared their shops would be destroyed.
121. (d)
122. (a)
123. (d)
124. (b)
125. (d)
126. (d)
127. (c)
128. (b)
129. (a)
130. (c)
131. (b)
132. (b)
133. (c)
134. (d)
135. (d)
136. (d)
137. (c)
138. (c)
139. (c)
140. (b)
141. (b)
142. (c)
143. (a)
144. (d)
145. (a)
146. (b)
147. (d)
148. (d)
149. (b)
150. (c)
151. (b)
Modern means of entertainment and communication docs not affect street theater. It is still a popular mode of taking up crucial societal issues.
152. (a)
In the olden days, street theatre was restricted to villages or small localities of the cities.
153. (c)
Street theatre usually deals with issues of public importance. ”
154. (c)
Street theatre is reasonable to stage as little props and images are used and not huge set up is required.
155 (b)
Street theatre creates an emotional impact on audiences that leads to quick psychological impact.
156. (a)
In self directed learning, an individual takes initiative with or without the help of others to leam new things.
157. (b)
There is need for self-directed learning because it helps people to leam more things in a better way.
158. (a)
Self-directed learning is active learning as one does not sit passively and waits for someone to teach. The learner actively initiates its own learning process.
159. (b)
The modem environment is instructive in nature.
160. (c)
Diagnosing means identifying.
161. (b)
162. (a)
163. (a)
164. (d)
165. (c)
166. (d)
167. (a)
168. (d)
169. (b)
170. (d)
171. (c)
172. (a)
173. (c)
174. (b)
175. (a)
176. (b)
The people saw the golden pitcher in a lake nearby.
177. (b)
The emperor’s orders were that all the old men should leave his land.
178. (b)
A handful of water.
179. (a)
The emperor feared getting old.
180. (c)
The emperor was upset to see the old man because it reminded him that he would grow old too.
181. (b)
Ms. Gervis is unable to understand the mystery about how the robber got in and out of the house.
182. (c)
The robber stole the cakes that Ms. Grevis baked for giving.
183. (d)
When Mr. Grevis got to know that the cakes she baked for giving are stolen; she was devastated and decided to quit baking. The detective was worried for who will bake the delicious cakes if she quits baking, thus, he decides to solve the case quickly.
184. (d)
Ms. Grevis was shivering with fear that she had robbers at her home.
185. (d)
The detective checked on the front door and because the latch did not had any scratch or marks.
186. (a)
In good friendships, we receive as much as we give.
187. (b)
Empathy means the ability to show and understand the feelings of others.
188. (c)
A strong friendship helps us gain acceptance and tolerance.
189. (d)
The very first line of the passage states that friendships and relationships grow when they are nurtured just like nurturing a plant.
190. (a)
When we are with a good friend, we tend to be ourselves.
191. (d)
The third line of the passage states that-Dickens became famous for depicting the life of the working class, intricate plots and sense of humour.
192. (a)
Dicken’s characters were drawn from everyday life and the world around him.
193. (b)
In the second last line of the paragraph, it is clearly mentioned that John Foster was Dickens’ friend and biographer.
194. (b)
The period between 1837 – 1901 is known as the Victorian Age.
195. (c)
The word ‘popular’ in the passage means successful.
196. (c)
Chameleons change colour when they are afraid, excited or angry.
197. (a)
It is clearly mentioned in the paragraph that almost half of the world’s Chameleons are found on the African island of Madagascar.
198. (d)
The colour changing ability of a Chameleon is a form of camouflage which is a disguise that lets it blend in with its surroundings.
199. (a)
A Chameleon’s colour changes to help it avoid its enemies.
200. (b)
The colour change is determined by light and temperature.
201. (d)
202. (a)
203. (b)
204. (a)
205. (a)
206. (c)
207. (a)
208. (b)
209. (d)
210. (a)
211. (d)
Austria is not mentioned in the passage.
212. (a)
The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 for creating the rules for exploration of Antarctica.
213. (d)
the Antarctic Treaty bans nuclear testing and dumping of nuclear waste and creates rules for exploration of Antarctica. Its main aim is to protect the continent.
214. (c)
Environmentalists fear that exploiting Antarctica for military and economic reasons will damage the environment.
215. (b)
Economic experts claim that there are large amounts of coal, nickel and copper under the Antarctic ice.
216. (b)
Music is often linked to mood. A certain song can make us feel happy, sad, energetic, or relaxed.
217. (a)
Music helps one feel different emotions. Based on the mood, a certain song can make us feel happy, sad, energetic, or relaxed.
218. (d)
All forms of music may have therapeutic effects, although music from one’s own culture may be most effective.
219. (b)
Because music can have such an impact on a person’s mindset and well-being, it should come as no surprise that music therapy has been studied for use in managing numerous medical conditions.
220. (d)
In Chinese medical theory, the five internal organs and meridian systems are believed to have corresponding musical tones, which are used to encourage healing.
221. (b)
Approximately half of India’s 1.2 billion people are under the age of 26.
222. (c)
The reason for such high numbers can be attributed to lack of economic, social, and emotional resources.
223. (d)
By 2020, India is forecasted to be the youngest country in the world, with a median age of 29 years.
224. (a)
The clash of values within families is an important factor. As young Indians become more progressive, their traditionalist households become less supportive of their choices pertaining to financial independence, marriage age, premarital sex, rehabilitation and taking care of the elderly.
225. (c)
Youth can be prevented from committing suicide by creating an environment that which promotes positive well being.
226. (b)
Murali was a vendor of sweets.
227. (a)
Murali’s main customers were children.
228. (d)
At the stroke of nine in the morning, Murali would stand in front of the school with his tray of sweets.
229. (c)
Till about eleven, the sale would be brisk.
230. (b)
There was depression in his business when the holidays came.
231. (b)
Most medium sized peaks in the Europe are accessed by car or air. Expeditionary climbing is popular in Himalayas. Himalayan base camp treks takes days or even weeks to trek to. European and North American mountains can be climbed in short time scale.
232. (c)
Since, Himalayan mountains takes weeks or months to climb, large amount of personnel and food supplies is necessary.
233. (b)
Expedition mountaineering can be considered as slow (Because it takes few weeks to months to climb the mountain) and heavy (because of the additional food supplies required to be carried while climbing).
234. (c)
The specific nature of Himalayan mountains accounts for greater expedition mountaineering there.
235. (d)
Large and isolated peeks are best for expedition mountaineering.
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