Telangana history in Telugu తెలంగాణ ఆణిముత్యాలు
Telangana History The 1969 Agitation for seperate Telangana State
Telangana History The 1969 Agitation for seperate Telangana State
In the years after the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, people of Telangana expressed dis-satisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent intensified in January, when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. All the Andhra employees who migrated to capital city in 1956 will be consid¬ered ‘local’ in 1969 after 12 years of residence per mulki rules. The locals wanted them to go back to Andhra. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement for Telanganites began at Paloncha in Khammam district and spread to other parts of the region. One section of students (which appeared dominant) wanted a separate state of Telangana while the other wanted implementation of safe¬guards. On 19 January, all party accord was reached to ensure the proper implementation of Telangana safeguards. The Accords main points were
1. All non-Telangana employees holding posts reserved for Telangana locals will be trans¬ferred immediately
2. Telangana surpluses will be used for Telangana development
3. Appeal to Telangana students to call off agitation. On January 19, protests turned violent when a
crowd of about 1000 agitators tried to set fire to a
Sub-Inspector’s residence. This resulted in police fir¬ing in which 17 people were injured. Meanwhile cer¬tain Andhra employees challenged the transfer orders promised by the all party accord to the Telanganistes ,by filing a petition in the AP high court. On January 29, Army was called in by the government to maintain law and order as the Agitation quickly turned violent. In February, Mulki rules (local jobs for local people), as promised in Gentlemen’s agreement, were declared by high court as void but this judgement was stayed by divisional bench of high court. Quoting statistics of develop¬ment in Telangana area over the last 12 years, the chief minister maintained that the state of the Andhra Pradesh was “irreversible” and made an appeal to people to help maintain unity and integrity.
Protests continued in March, and a bundh turned violent when protectors burnt buses.
In April, protectors tried to disrupt a meeting of CPI (which was opposed to the division of the state) by indulging in stone-pelting. Police had to resort to live firing after their attempts to control the crowd by lathi-charge and firing in the air didn’t yield results. In the ensuing firing, three people were killed and several injured. Around 354 arrests were made during the agitation. Then Prime minister Indira Gandhi called for a high-level meeting to dis¬cuss the issue while ruling out the division of the state. After several days of talks with leaders of both regions, on 12th April 1969, Prime minister came up with Eight point plan.
Eight point Programme
After several days of talks with leaders of both
regions, on April 2,1969, Prime minister Indira Gandhi came up with Eight point programme.
Eight point programme: This plan includes appointment of Five committees:
1. High-powered committee would be set up to determine financial surpluses to Telangana
2. Telangana development committee
3. Plan implementation committee
4. Committee of jurists to be consulted on safe-guards
5. Committees to look into grievances of public servants
Telangana leaders were not satisfied with the accord.
Government spending diversion
Justice Bhargava committee which looked into Telangana surpluses, found that 283 million rupees diverted from Telangana to Andhra region between 1956 and 1968. Economist C.H Hanumanth Rao fur-ther analysed the data from the committee report and concluded that for Telangana, cumulative sur¬plus with interest during that period was 1.174 Billion rupees. During this period, the revenue budget of the state grew from 586 million rupees in 1957 to 2.04 billion rupees in 1968. Government employees and opposition members of the state legislative assembly threatened “direct action” in support of the students.
Chenna Reddy and Telangana Praja Samithi
Although the Congress faced some dissension within its ranks, its leadership stood against additional linguistic states. As a result, detectors from the Congress, led by M. Chenna Reddy, founded the Telangana Praja Samithi(TPS) political party in 1969 which intensified the movement. In June, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi came to Hyderabad to discuss the issue with Telangana leaders. Telangana employee unions started strike on June 10 support¬ing Telangana movement. Major leaders of the movement were jailed in July and released in August upon court’s intervention. With the success of bye elections, TPS became full fledged political party. Due to Congress party’s refusal of formation of Telangana state, TPS decided to contest Parliamentary election alone even though Congress party tried to become electorally. In May 1971 parliamentary elections, Telangana Praja Samithi won 10 out the 14 Parliament seats in Telangana. Despite these electoral successes, some of the new party leaders gave up their agitation in September 1971 after realising that the Prime Minister was not inclined to towards a separate state of Telangana, and rejoined the safer political haven of the Congress.. In a book written by then Secretary of External Affairs, T.N. Kaul and published in 1982, he mentioned that in 1969 Prime minister Indira Gandhi wanted to commence the process of forma¬tion of a separate state for Telangana by instructing Sri P.N. Haksur, her senior secretary in the PMO, but she had to withdraw at the last minute due tointervention by Kaul who disguised her from it by reminding that Hyderabad’s case was pending in the Security Council.
United Nations dropped the Hyderabad’s case on 2nd September, 1979.
During this period, the Government promised to correct what critics saw as a violation of the promises of the Gentlemen agreement in the areas of jobs, budget allocations, and educational facilities. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was strongly against the division of the state, but on her recommendation, P.V. Narasimha Rao became the first Chief minister of Andhra Pradesh from Telangana on 30 September, 1971. In 1972, candidates of the Telangana Praja Samithi party contested all the available seats for the assembly elections. However, only Thakkalapalli Purushothama Rao got elected, from Vardhannapet constituency in Warangal District.
V.B. Raju’s United Front
Valluri Basava Raju, popularly known as V.B. Raju was a veteran of the Andhra Maha Sabhas. He wanted his due share in the separate Telangana agitation. So he started his own front for the same cause. As he fell out from Chenna Reddy, those who opposed the latter sided with Raju. Raju had the blessings of Nukala Ramachandra Reddy and Konda Lakshman Bapuji.
V.B. Raju can well be compared to Kala Venkata Rao in evolving political strategies. But he was not fortunate enough to complete full term of office as minister. He first joined Burgula Ramakrishna Rao cabinet as minister in 1952 but resigned without completing his term. Later he joined Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy’s cabinet but had to resign after three years as the Election Tribunal declared his election invalid. He contested the 1967 elections and joined Kasu Brahmananda Reddy’s cabinet as min¬ister of Revenue. Though he was close to the chief minister, he created ripples by suggesting that Kasu should resign to uphold the unity of Andhra Pradesh and resigned. Later he became a member of Rajya Sabha and quit national politics.
The Causes for Telangana Movement
The injustice meted out to local government employees was the chief cause for Telangana agitation When Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, the first chief minister of Andhra Pradesh unified the government services of Telangana and Andhra, the Telangana employees were put to great loss. The report of the State Central Advisory Committee over this issue was put aside by Reddy’s government. Later the report of the Provincial Council appointed to study the same issue was also met with the same fate.
Sanjeeva Reddy also abolished the post of deputy chief minister which was to have been given to a Telanganist leader, describing the post as the unwanted sixth finger (for some people) on the hand.
Later the government of the chief minister N.T. Rama Rao issued G.O.610 to correct the chronic injustices done to the Telangana employees in 1985. This G.O. was necessitated due to the warped vision of the successive governments.
The G.O. 610
The G.O’s 1st para, which is generally known as Presidential Order contains principles regarding Organisation of Local Cadres allotment of personnel of the various Departments to the various local cadres, method of direct recruitment to the various categories, inter-local cadre in transfers etc. of the employees holding those posts. In the G.Os 2nd and 3rd pera read above clarificatory instructions were issued regarding procedure for implementation of the various provisions of the Presidential Order.
2. In accordance with the provisions of the Presidential Order, local cadres have been organised to the various categories of posts in all Government Departments and allotment of personnel was made as per the guidelines contained in paragraph 4 of the said order.
3. In the representation 4th pera cited, the President, Telangana Non-Gazetted Officers Union has represented that certain allotments have been made in violation of the provisions of the Presidential Order. The Government after carefully examining the issues raised in the representation and after having wide ranging discussion with the representatives of the Union have entered into an agreement with the Telangana Non-Gazetted Officers Union on 07-12-1985.
5. As per the terms of agreement the following orders are issued:
(1) The employees allotted after 18-10-1975 to Zones V & VI in violation of zonalisation of local cadres under the Six Point Formula will be repatriated to their respective zones by 31-03¬1986 by creating supernumerary posts wherev¬er necessary.
(2) In respect of Jurala, Srisailam Left Canal and Sriramsagar Project Stage-II, all the staff in the Non-Gazetted categories both technical and non-technical including Asst. Executive Engineers (formerly JEs) coming under zonali¬sation of local cadres under the Presidential Order of 1975 who were posted to the projects from outside zones V and VI after 01-03-1983, will be retransferred to their respective zones and posted either in existing vacancies in vari¬ous Government Establishments in those zones or in supernumerary posts where vacancies are not available. Towards this the Government will also move the Government of India for seeking amendment to Government of India’s notification G.S.R. 525(E) dated 28-06-1985 to give retrospective effect to this order with effect from 01-03-1983.
(3) (a) In respect of appeals filed against orders of allotment made under paragraph 4 of the Presidential Order of 1975 to the competent authority in time and where such appeals are still pending disposal, all such cases where details are furnished by the T.N.G.Os Union or individuals, shall be disposed of by 31-03-1986.
(b) As a result of the above exercise, consequential vacancies if any, arising shall be filled up as per the procedure laid down under the Presidential Order.
(4) In respect of first level Gazetted posts in certain Departments which are outside the purview of the Presidential Order, action should be taken to re view the question of inclusion of such posts also in the scheme of localisation and the mat¬ter should be taken up with the Government of India for suitable amendment to the said order.
(5) The posts in Institutions/Establishment notified in G.S.R. No.526 (E) dated:18-10-1975 shall be filled up by drawing persons on tenure basis from different local cadres on an equitable basis as per the orders issued in the G.O. 3rd read above.
(6) The provision in Pera 5(2) (c) of the Presidential Order relating to inter-local cadre transfers shall be strictly implemented and such trans¬fers shall be effected only under exceptional cir¬cumstances in
public interest.
(7) Action will be initiated in the concerned depart-ments in cases brought to their notice regarding bogus registrations in Employment Exchanges.
(8) On receipt of complaints, if any, made by the TNGOs Union relating to irregular allotments of candidates particularly to Zones V and VI in the category of Village Assistants the concerned department shall take up the matter with the A.P. Public Service Commission and take such measures as may be necessary to rectify the irregular allotments made if any.
(9) The possibility of allotting persons from within the same zone/multi-zone against non-local vacancy in a particular local cadre will be exam¬ined in consultation with the APPSC.
(10) The T.N.G.Os Union will furnish to Government the service/ categories where for want of trained personnel, non-local candidates are being appointed in zones V and VI so that Government can provide training facilities in respect of such services/categories with a view to providing ade-quate opportunities for recruitment and appoint-ment of local candidates in zones V and VI.
(11) The Departments of Secretariat shall complete the review of appointments/promotions made under the Presidential Order as required under Pera 13 of the said order, by 30-06-1986.
(12) (a) Immediate action will be taken to finalise the Common Gradation List in respect of Assistant Engineers (Presently Dy.. E.Es) as on 01-11-1956, following the prescribed procedure under the S.R. Act. 1956.
(b) In respect of former Junior Engineers (Presently Asst.E.Es) the common gradation list published by the Government was quashed by the A.P. Administrative Tribunal and the Government had gone in appeal to the Supreme Court. Effective measures will be taken for the disposal of the matter before the Supreme Court,, expeditiously.
(13) The matter relating to allotment of 7 non-local personnel in the cadre of Inspector of Local
Fund Audit belonging to Zones I to IV, allotted to Zones-V and VI against their options, will be examined by the Department concerned keep¬ing in view of the provisions of the Presidential Order.
(14) The question of repatriation of 13 Deputy Executive Engineers of the Public Health Department working in the city of Hyderabad to Zones I to IV will be considered by the Department concerned keeping in view the pro-visions of the Presidential Order.
6. The Departments of Secretariat who are con¬cerned with the terms shall take immediate necessary steps to implement the orders in consultation with Law/General Administra tion Department, if necessary, about the legal impli-cations/interpretation of the provisions of the Presidential Order.
Around 400 persons lost their lives in the agita¬tion for separate statehood for Telangana region, the like of which was not witnessed in recent times. Agitators barricaded the roads and trained children in pelting stones at vehicles of public transport. It was a testing time for the police to catch these urchines. Associations to carry on the agitation were formed in every school and college. Telecommunication facilities were destroyed and government properties were set on fire. As the agi¬tation took the form of looting and arson on 3rd and 4th June, 1969 and the situation went out of control, the government had to deploy army to control the situation. All the universities in Telangana region including the Osmania University were closed down for nine months due to the agitation. The candidates of Telangana Praja Samithi (TPS) who contested the bye elections of Siddhipet and Khairatabad constituencies, won the seats with large majority.
Psychological causes for differences
1. Telangana employees, accustomed to the lethar¬gic nawabi culture, worked leisurely. Andhra employees who inherited the British efficiency and punctuality completed their work fast. This created differences among the employees.
2. Hindus and Muslims among the Telangana employees gave importance to etiquette which the Andhra employees gave least importance to.
3. Andhras who bought land from the Telangana farmers at Rs.300/-to Rs.500/- per acre, harvest¬ed paddy worth Rs.1000/- per acre. Moreover, the small farmer who sold his land, had to work as farm labour in his own land. When the farm¬ers resorted to distress sale of their land and the Andhra buyers exploited the situation, the Provincial Council which was expected to be a watch dog, turned a Nelson’s eye.
4. The projects like Pochampadu which were life breath for Telangana region were neglected. For example, the said project was to be built at a cost of Rs.121 crores according to the estimates of the erstwhile Hyderabad government and 24 lakh acres of land was to be irrigated. But due to financial constraints only five lakh acres were irrigated.
5. When Hyderabad engineers designed Nagatjuna Sagar project, Telangana was wronged. According to the design, the water of the right canal of the project was to irrigate the lands in Guntur and other parts and the water of the left canal was to irrigate the Telangana regions of Nalgonda, Khammam and Warangal in addition to some lands in Krishna and Godavari regions. The water of the project was to flow to Nandigama from the 19th distributo- ry canal. But – even before the 17th, 18th and 19th distributory canals were dug, contrary to norms, water was diverted to Nandigama from the 16th distributory canal, which was called derisively as K.L. plan.
Justice Wanchoo Committee
A committee under Justice Wanchoo was appointed to provide guidelines for constitutional guarantees for mulkis. The attorney general Niren Dey and former attorney general M.C. Setelvad were the other members of the committee.
The Committee opined that since any person has the right to work in any part of the country according to his choice, constitutional guarantee should not be provided to mulki rules. If constitution was amended for this purpose, then people of any specific region may demand as a right jobs in their own locality, the Committee warned. Hence the Parliament should not have the right to amend the Constitution for this purpose, the Committee suggested.
If the government wanted to protect the interests of the people of certain regions in employment and educational opportunities, the government may entrust such responsibility to local appointing authorities, the Committee opined. Some categories of jobs may be exempted from the Public Service Commission for this purpose.
In the background of the Wanchoo Committee on Mulkis, the Five Point Formula and the Six Point Formula were floated to protect the unity and integrity of Andhra Pradesh. The Five Point Formula was advanced by Indira Gandhi to cool the tempers of those who fought for separate Andhra state..
The Five Point Formula
1. Eligibility of residence through Mulki rules apply to non-gezetted officers, staff of fourth class, Tahsildar, assistant surgeon and junior engineer categories in Telangana. The mulki rule applies to the second post in every three posts in the offices of the heads of departments in secretariat and in common department offices.
2. These guarantees will be in effect in the Telangana region till 1980 and in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secenderabad till 1987.
3. Services regarding promotions will be region- alised upto first or second grade.
4. The facilities of technical education which were available right now, will be developed. Eligibility of residence will not apply to addi¬tional facilities in this.
5. Joint police force will be created in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secenderabad.
The salient feature of this formula is its appli-cation to the rank of assistant civil surgeons and junior engineers.
Though it is an uncompromising formula, it is not a permanent solution. Hence the people of Rayalaseema and Andhra rejected this formula. The agitation for separate Andhra state intensified.
Telangana History The Gentlemen’s Agreement February 20,1956
Telangana History The Gentlemen’s Agreement February 20,1956
The Gentlemen’s agreement of Andhra Pradesh has a precedent in the Sribagh Pact of 1937 which was between the leaders of Rayalaseema and Coastal Telugu speaking districts of Madras State to provide assurances for Rayalaseema in return for their willingness to join Andhra State. This unbind¬ing pact was largely forgotten probably because of the large political representation of the region has had in the state governments since independence When the Hyderabad State led by the Nizam of Hyderabad was invaded by India in Operation Polo, there was a debate in the Telugu-speaking districts of the Hyderabad State (1948-56) whether to join the newly formed Andhra State, carved out of Telugu speaking districts of Madras state.
States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) recommended that “the Telangana area is to constitute into a separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad State with provision for its unification with Andhra after the general elections likely to be held in or about 1961 if by a two thirds majority the legislature of the residency Hyderabad State expresses itself in favour of such unification”.
Opposition to the merger
Hyderabad Chief minister Burgula Ramakrishna Rao in his letter to the Congress President said that Communist parties supported the merger for their political calculations. Hyderabad PCC chief said overwhelming majority from Congress party opposed the merger and Communists were elected in special circumstances in 1951 and Visalandhra was not a political issue in 1951 and Assembly does not reflect people’s view on this issue. He also said 80% of Congress delegates who were elected in 1955 opposed merger. Government had to provide the additional security for Communist leaders who supported the Visalandhra. The locals agitated against the non¬locals in 1952 Mulki Agitation.
In Hyderabad assembly out of 174 MLAs on December 3, 1955, 147 MLAs expressed their view. 103 MLA’s (including Marathi and Kannada MLAs) supported the merger, 16 MLAs maintained neutral stand and 29 opposed merger. Among Telangana MLAs, 25 Telangana MLAs disagreed with the merger, 59 Telangana MLAs supported the merger . Out of 94 Telangana MLAs in the assembly, 36 were Communists(PDF), 40 were Congress, 11 were Socialist party (SP), 9 were independents. Voting did not take place on the resolution because Telangana proponents insisted on to including the phrase “As per the wishes of people” in the resolution.
To convince the leadership of Telangana to join the new state, an agreement was reached between the leaders of both sides which came to be known as the Gentlemen’s agreement, at Delhi on 20th February 1956. It allowed the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956, against the SRC’s recommendations.
The Text of the Agreement
1. There will be one legislature for the whole of Andhra Pradesh which will be the sole law making body for the entire state and there will be one Governor for the State aided and advised by the Council of Ministers responsible to the State Assembly for the entire field of Administration.
2. For the more convenient transaction of the busi-ness of Government with regard to some speci¬fied matters of the Telangana area will be treat¬ed as one region.
3. For the Telangana region there will be a Regional Standing Committee of the state assembly consisting of the members of the State Assembly belonging to that region including the Ministers from that region but not including the Chief Minister.
4. Legislation relating to specified matters will be referred to the Regional Committee. In respect of specified matters proposals may also be made by the Regional Committee to the State Government for legislation or with regard to the question of general policy not involving any financial commitments other than expenditure of a routine and incidental character.
5. The advice tendered by the Regional Committee will normally be accepted by the Government and the State Legislature. In case of difference of opinion, reference will be made to the Governor whose decision will be binding.
6. The Regional Committee will deal with following matters:
i) Development and economic planning within the framework of the general development plans formulated by the State Legislature.
ii) Local Self Government, that is to say, the Constitutional powers of Municipal Corporations, Improvement Trusts, District Boards and district authorities for the pur¬pose of Local Self Government or Village Administration.
iii) Public health and sanitation, local hospitals and dispensaries.
iv) Primary and secondary education.
v) Regulation of admission to the educational institutions in the Telangana region.
vi) Prohibition
vii) Sale of agricultural lands.
viii) Cottage and small scale Industries, and
ix) Agriculture, Cooperative Societies, Markets and Fairs.
Unless revised by agreement earlier this arrangement will be reviewed after ten years.
B. Domicile Rules: Telangana is regarded as a unit as far as recruitment to subordinate services is concerned; posts borne on the cadre of these services may be reserved for being filled up by persons who satisfy the domicile conditions as prescribed under the existing Hyderabad Mulki Rules. ( 12 years of Stay in Telangana area)
C. The position of Urdu. The Government of India would advise the state Government to take appropriate steps to ensure that the existing posi¬tion of Urdu in administrative and judicial structure of the State is maintained for a period of five years.
D. Retrenchment of surplus personnel in the new State. The Government of India do not anticipate any retrenchment. The intention is that so far as possible, the service personnel from the Hyderabad State should be automatically integrated into the services of the Andhra Pradesh without any process of screening. Should, however, any retrench¬ment be found necessary, the entire personnel of the services of the enlarged State wiil be treated on equal footing.
E. Distribution of expenditure between Telangana and Andhra Regions. Allocation of expenditure with the resources of the state is a matter which falls within the purview of the State Government and the State Legislature.. Since, how¬ever, it has been agreed to the representatives of Andhra and Telangana that the expenditure of the new state on central and general administration should be borne proportionately by the two regions and the balance of income should be reserved for expenditure on the development of Telangana area, it is open to the state government to act in accordance with the terms of agreement in making budgetary allocations. The Government of India propose to invite the attention of the Chief Minister of Andhra to this particular understanding and to express the hope that it will be implemented.
F. The existing educational facilities including Technical Education in Telangana should be secured to the students of Telangana and further improved.
G. The cabinet will consist of members in pro-portion of 60:40 percent for Andhra and Telangana respectively, out of 40% of Telangana ministers, one will be a Muslim from Telangana. If the Chief Minister is from one region the other region should be given Dy. Chief Ministership.
B.Gopala Reddy, Chief Minister, Andhra State, Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy, Gouthu Latchanna and Alluri Satyanarayana Raju and Burgula Rama Krishna Rao, Chief Minister, of Hyderabad state, K.V. Ranga Reddy, M. Chenna Reddy (not Dr. Marri Chenna Reddy) and J.V. Narsing Rao signed on the agreement.
Telangana History Struggles for Achievement of Separate Telangana State (1956-2014)
Telangana History Struggles for Achievement of Separate Telangana State (1956-2014)
History witnessed two agitations for separate Telangana state, the first one in 1969 and the second one in 2012. The struggle in 2012 bore fruits and the long cherished dream of the Telanganites fulfiled. In between the two periods, members of discontent over the exploitation of the locals by the Andhras in employment and educational opportunities kept burning.
The States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines in December 1953. The commission, due to public demand, recommended disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore state. The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) discussed the pros and cons of a merger between Telugu speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad state and Andhra state. Pera 374 of the SRC report said “The creation of Visalandhra is an ideal to which numerous individuals and public bodies, both in Andhra and Telangana, have been passionately attached over a long period of time, and unless there are strong reasons to the contrary, this sentiment is entitled to consideration”.Discussing the case of Telangana, pera 378 of the SRC report said “One of the principal causes of opposition of Visalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas.” In its final analysis SRC recommended against the imme-diate merger. In pera 386 it said “After taking all these factors into consideration we have come to the conclusions that it will be in the interests of Andhra as well as Telangana, if for the present, the Telangana area is to constitute into a separate State, which may be known as the Hyderabad State with provision for its unification with Andhra after the general elections likely to be held in or about 1961, if by a two thirds majority the legislature of the residuary Hyderabad State expresses itself in favour of such unification.”
After going through the recommendations of the SRC, the then Central Government led by Jawaharlal Nehru decided to merge Andhra state and Telangana to form Andhra Pradesh state on 1 November 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen agreement.
Nehru commented on the merger that it was a marriage between a mischievous bridegroom and an innocent bride and separation can be considered if the couple fell apart.
Gentlemens Agreement
1969 Agitation
Six Point formula
The emergence of Telangana rastra samathi
Sri Krishna Committee
CWC Resolution on Bifuracation
A.p RE-organisation Bill-2014
Telangana History Visalandhra Movement Andhra Pradesh-1956
Telangana History Visalandhra Movement Andhra Pradesh – 1956
Visalandhra Movement
Andhras hoped ttiat their dream of Visalandra would be .realised since the people of Hyderabad state were Unanimous for the trifurcation of their state. Further Andhras thought that all the out lying Telugu areas in Mysore, Orissa, Tamilnadu and Madhyapradesh would be incorporated in Visalandhra. In fact this movement was not formed after the formation of Andhra State. It started as early as the beginning of the 20th century The Communists propagated the idea of ‘Visalandhra’ from 1946. A daily news paper called ‘Visalandra’ was started by the Communists in June 1952. Communist leader Puchchalapalli Sundaraiah wrote a book called ‘Visalandhralo Prajarajyam’.
Visalandhra mahasabha (1949)
After the completion of police action in Hyderabad state, the demand for Visalandhra gained ground in circar districts. In November 1949, A. Kaleswara Rao formed the Visalandhra Mahasabha at Vijayawada. Slowly the demand for Visalandhra gained acceptence in Telangana also. After the appointment of SRC, the demand for Visalandhra received a big boost. The protagonists of separate Telangana also intensified their efforts. K.V. Ranga Reddy and his nephew M. Chenna’ Reddy, though originally favoured Visalandhra, changed their stand and became very articulate in their support for separate Telangana.
The SRC submitted its report on 30 September 1955. It recommended the disintegration of Hyderabad state and formation of a Visalandhra sate including Telangana. It also favoured the for¬mation of a separate Telangana state meanwhile. In 1950 and in 1954 two conferences of the Visalandhra Mahasabha were held at Warangal and Hyderabad respectively and demanded the formation of Visalandhra state with Hyderabad as its capital.
In the 1950 meeting of Hyderabad state Congress and 1953 conference of AICC, resolutions were moved for the disintegration of the Hyderabad state and the merger of Telugu, Kannada and Maharashtra districts into their respective provinces. This strengthened the demand for Visalandhra. In the 1952 elections, though Communists won more slats in Telangana, the Congress had gotten majority and Burgula Ramakrishna Rao became the chief minister.
The SRC report favouring the creation of Telangana led to intensive lobbying by both the advocates of Telangana and Visalandhra. The com-munists wanted to resign and contest again Some Telangana Congress men hailed the recommenda¬tion. But a majority of the Congress legislators from Telangana and 7 out of ten district Congress committees supported Visalandhra. In the Hyderabad legislative assembly, the issue was raised. In the 174 member house, 147 members expressed their views. Of this 103 members supported Visalandhra and only 29 wanted a separate Telangana and 15 remained neutral. In Andhra almost all leaders favoured Visalandhra. The recommendations of the SRC were not well received by the public of India. Finally the congress High command accepted the demand for Visalandhra. The hardcore Telangana protagonists like K.V. Ranga Reddy and Marri chennareddy however stuck to their demand for a separate Telangana.
Gentlemen’s Agreement
In order to prevent misunderstandings between the two regions of Andhra and Telangana, the Congress high command arranged a meeting of the leaders of the regions at Delhi on 20 February, 1956. Andhra was represented by B.Gopalareddy (CM of Andhra state), N.Sanjeevareddy, G.Lachchanna, A.Sathanarayana Raju (President of AICC). Telangana was represented by Burgula Ramakrishna Rao (CM of Hyderabad state), K.V. Rangareddy, Marri Chenna Reddy and J.V. Narasingarao. The meeting resulted in an agreement over the formation of Visalandhra by providing certain safeguards to Telangana. All the eight participants signed an accord. This agreement is popularly known as the Gentlemen Agreement .
Terms of the agreement
1. The expenditure on the administration of the state should be borne proportionately by the regions and the balance of income from Telangana should be reserved for the develop¬ment of the region. The arrangement will be reviewed after 5 years and can be continued.
2. Existing educational facilities in Telangana should be’secured to the students of Telangana and further improved. Admission in technical institutions in Telangana to be restricted to Telangana students or they should have l/3rd seats in the whole of state, which ever is more favourable to Telangana.
3. Retrenchment in services should be proportion¬ate from both regions if it became inevitable due to integration.
4. Some kind of domicile rules, eg: residence for 12 years should be provided in order to assure the prescribed proportion to recruitment of services from Telangana areas. (This is called as the Mulki).
5. The position of Urdu in the administration and Judicial structure existing in Telangana may continue for 5 years when the Regional council will review the position.
6. Sale of agricultural land in Telangana area to be controlled by the Regional council. A Regional council, with 20 members (9 members from MLAs, one each of each district, 6 mem¬bers of the Assembly or Parliament from Telangana and members from outside) to be set up for Telangana for its all round development.
7. The Regional council will be a statutary body empowered to deal with and decide about -matters of planning and development of Telangana area. Unless revised, this agreement will be reviewed at the end of 10 years.
8. Cabinet ministers should be in proportion to 60: 40. Out of Telangana ministers one will be a Muslim.
9. If the chief minister is from Andhra, Deputy chief minister should be from Telangana and vice versa.
10. Two out of the following five portfolios should go to Telangana 1. Home, 2. Finance, 3. Revenue, 4. Planning and Development and 5. Commerce and Industry.
From the above agreement, it will be seen that the Andhra leaders went more than half way to meet the genuine demands of Telangana people. The government of India gave statutary support to the provisions of the Agreement and the draft bill named the new state as ’Andhra Telangana. When objections arose, it was amended as ’Andhra Pradesh’. On November 1, 1956, the new state was inaugurated by Nehru. Neelam Sanjeevareddy became the first chief minister, K.V. Ranga reddy the first deputy chief minister and C.M.Trivedi the first governor.
Bit Bank
★ When did the Hyderabad state got independence? – 17th September, 1948
★ Who expressed his wish about the united Andhra State at first? Konda Venkatappayya
★ Who wrote the book titled ‘Andhra Rashtram’ – Konda Venkatappayya
★ Which parties announced that the Andhra state with Telangana must be formed? – Andhra Congress and Swarajya Party
★In which year, ‘Andhrabhudaya Celebrations’ were held in Andhra University? ■ 1937
★ In which year, Karnataka unification conference requested to form united Karnataka state? –1947
★ The year in which All Malayalis conference was held? – 1947
★ Under whose chairmanship Kerala pradesh congress society requested to form united kerala state? – Kelappan
★ The commission appointed by Indian Government to examine the formation of linguistic states and the administration problems raised because of that type of formation? – Dhar Commission
★ Dhar Commission was appointed on – 17th June, 1948
★ Who was the chairman of Dhar commission? – S.K.Dhar
★ The members of Dhar commission?-Dr. Pannalal, Jagat Narayanlal, B.C.Bhanjar ‘
★ When did Dhar Commission submitted its report? – 10th December, 1948
★ Which commission stated in its report that the linguistic states were detrimental to the welfare of the country and only on the basis of administrative facility, the states must be re-organised in future: – Dhar Commission
★ In the year 1920, which congress meeting formed the stable congress societies on the basis of languages? – Nagpur congress meeting argued in favour of linguistic states in the year 1927? – Indian statutary commission
★ In which year Gandhiji, wrote a letter to Kaleswararao about his willingness to linguistic state? –1938
★ The famous communist leader who created the idea of Visalandhra for the first time? – Puchchalapalli Sundaraiah
★ In which year Puchalapalli Sundaraiah made a beginning for Visalandhra movement? –1946
★ The daily paper of communist party – Visalandhra
★ The author of a book called Visalandhra lo Prajarajyam’ – Puchchalapalli Sundaraiah
★ ‘Visalandhralo Prajarajyam’ published in the year? –1944
★ The party which started “Visalandhra” paper – Communist party
★ Who organised the Visalandhra Mahasabha on 26th November 1949? – Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao
★ Visalandhra Mahasabha established at – Vijayawada
★ First Visalandhra Mahasabha held in the year –1950
★ First Visalandhra Mahasabha held at – Warangal
★ Under whose chairmanship first Visalandhra Mahasabha held? – T.Hayagreevachari
★ Who said that ‘Formation of Visalandhra is a birth right to all Andhras’ in the first Visalandhra meeting? – Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu
★ Who opposed Visalandhra movement? – Marri Chenna Reddy and K.V.Ranga Reddy
★ Visalandhra Mahasabha first annual function held in the year – 26th November, 1950
★ Who visited Hyderabad in 1949 and said ‘that it is good for Hyderabad state to stay as multilingual state ? – D.Rajagopala chari
★ Who criticised that ‘Visalandhra movement’ is nothing but imperialism Andhras’ in October 1953 ? – J.L.Nehru
★ General, elections held in the year. –1952
★ In the first general elections, which party won majority seats in Hyderabad state? – Telangana community party
★ Hyderabad corporation Deputy Mayor who sup-ported Visalandhra movement? – Mir Ahmad Ali Khan
★ The trade union leader who supported Visalandhra movement? – Maqdum Mohiyuddin
★ The papers which contributed to Visalandhra movement in Telangana? – Andhra Janata, Kakateeya and Telugudesam
★ Second Visalandhra meeting was held in the year –1954
★ Second Visalandhra meeting held at Hyderabad
★ Under whose chairmanship second Visalandhra meeting held? – Sri rangam Srinivasa Rao (Srisri)
★ In which. Visalandhra Mahasabha, separate Telangana argument was raised? – Second Visalandhra meeting
★ The first linguistic state in India? Andhra state
★ In which year state Re-organisation commission (S.R.C) was formed? – 22nd December, 1953
★ Who is the chairman for states Re-organisation commission? – Sayyad Fazl Ali
★ The members of states Re-organisation commission – H.N.Kunzru and K.M.Panikkar
★ States Re-organisation commission, submitted it’s report on: – 30th September, 1955
★ In which year States Re-organisation commission visited Hyderabad? –1954
★ Under whose leadership Visalandhra friendship (sauhards) representative group visited Andhra and Telangana regions also? Paga Pulla Reddy
★ Who opposed separate Telangana argument? – Communists
★ Under the auspices of communist first visalandhra conference held at – Secunderabad
★ The chairman of first communist Visalandhra conference? – Ravi Narayana Reddy
★ Second communist Visalandhra conference held at – Hyderabad exhibition grounds
★ The chairman of second communist Visalandhra conference? – Srisri
★ The chairman of reception committee for second communist Visalandhra conference – Baddam Eella Reddy
★ The chairman of third communist Visalandhra conference? – Ravi Narayana Reddy
★ Where the public meeting was arranged by the leaders of congress and communist who supports for Visalandhra? – Vivekavardhini grounds, Hyderabad
★ Between which regions Gentlemen Agreement was reached? – Andhra and Telangana
★ The year of Gentlemen Agreement – 20th February 1956
★ The place of Gentlemen Agreement – Hyderabad guest house
★ Where is the Hyderabad guest house? – Delhi
★ Telangana chief minister, who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
★ The chairman of Hyderabad state congress committee who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – J.V. Narsinga Rao
★ supporters of separate Telangana who signed on Gentlemen Agreement – K.V. Ranga Reddy and Marri Chenna Reddy
★ The Chief minister of Andhra area, who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – Bejawada Gopala Reddy
★ The deputy chief minister of Andhra area, who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
★ Congress president of Andhra state who signed on Gentlemen Agreement – Alluri Satyanarayana
★ Minister of Andhra state who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – Gowtu Lachchanna
★ Total number of persons who signed on Gentlemen Agreement? – 8 members
★ All the people who signed on Gentlemen Agreement belongs to which party? – Congress party
★ Formation day of Andhra Pradesh – 1st November, 1956 First Governor of Andhra Pradesh C.M.Trivedi
★ First chief-minister of Andhra Pradesh • Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
★ First deputy chief-minister of Andhra Pradesh? – K.V.Ranga Reddy
★ The capital of Andhra Pradesh when it formed? – Hyderabad
★ The committee which indicated the name of Andhra Pradesh while joining both the regions of Andhra and Telangana? – Select committee
Objective Bits
1. When did Hyderabad state got independ¬ence?
1. 17th September, 1947
2. 17th September, 1948
3. 17th September, 1949
4. 17th September, 1959
Ans.2
2. Who wrote the book called ‘Andhra Rashtram’? .
1. Konda Venkatappayya
2. Konda Venkata Reddy
3. Swami Ramananda Tirtha
4. Puchalapalli Sundaraiah
Ans.1
3. In which year, Andhrabhyudaya celebra¬tions held in Andhra University ?
1. 1934 2. 1936
3. 1937 4. 1938
Ans.3
4. In which year, All Malayalis conference was held?
1. 1947 2. 1948
3. 1949 4. 1947
Ans.1
5. In which year kamataka unification con¬ference resolved to form the state of kar¬nataka?
1. 1950 2. 1945
3. 1949 4. 1947
Ans.4
6. Dhar commission was appointed in the year:
1. 17th June, 1949 . 2. 17th June, 1948
3. 17th June, 1950
4. 17th September, 1948
Ans.2
7. The chairman of Dhar commission?
1. S.KDhar
2. Fazl Ali
3. Jayaprakash Narayan
4. C.Rajagopala Chari
Ans.1
8. The members of Dhar commission?
1. Pannalal
2. Jagati Narayana lal ,
3. B.C.Bhanjar
4. All the above ‘
Ans.4
9. Dhar Commission submitted its report on:
1. 10th December, 1947
2. 10th November, 1948
3. 10th December, 1948
4. 10th January, 1948
Ans.3
10. Who wrote a letter to Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao mentioning that he is infavour of linguistic states in 1938?
1. Gandhi
2. Nehru
3. Patel
4. Subhash Chandra Bose
Ans.1
11 The famous communist leader who created the idea of Visalandhra for the first time?
1. Ravi Narayana Reddy
2. Baddam Yella Reddy
3. Puchchalapalli Sundaraiah
4. N.G. Ranga
Ans.3
12. In which year, Puchchalapalli Sunda raiah made a beginning to Visalandhra move¬ment?
1. 1942 2. 1946
3. 1950 4. 1948 ‘
Ans.2
13. Who organised Visalandhra daily ?
1. Congress people of Andhra
2. Socialists
3. Congress
4. Communists
Ans.4
14 The name of the book written by Puchalapalli Sundaraiah?
1. Visalandhralo Prajarajyam
2. Visalandhralo Communist Charitra 3.. Visalandhralo Congress Charitra 4. Visalandhra
Ans.1
15. The book ‘Visalandhralo Prajarajyam’ published in the year?
1. 1946 2. 1943
3.1944 4.1945
Ans.3
16. Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao organised Visalandhra Mahasabha on:
1. 26th November, 1948
2. 26th November, 1949
3. 26th November, 1947
4. 26th November, 1950
Ans.2
17. Visalandhra Mahasabha organised at:
1. Kakinada
2. Tirupathi
3. Vijayawada
4. Visakhapatnam
Ans.3
18. First Visalandhra conference was held in the year:
1. 1950 2. 1951
3. 1949 4. 1948
Ans.1
19. First Visalandhra conference held at:
1. Vijayawada
2. Nizamabad
3. Khammarn
4. Warangal
Ans.4
20. The chairman of first Visalandhra confer¬ence
1. Suravaram Pratapa Reddy
2. T. Hayagreeva Chari
3. Swami Ramananda Tirtha
4. K.V. Ranga Reddy
Ans.2
21. Who visited Hyderabad in the year 1949 and said that ‘it is better for Hyderabad state to stay as multilingual state’?
1. Patel
2. Nehru
3. C.Rajagopala Chari
4. J.B.Kripalani
Ans.3
22. Who criticised that ‘Visalandhra move¬ment is nothing but imperialism of Andhras in October 1953?
1. J.L.Nehru
2. C.Rajagopala chari
3. KV.Ranga Reddy
4. M.Chenna Reddy
Ans.1
23. The deputy mayor of Hyderabad corpora¬tion who supported Visalandhra move¬ment:
1. Makhdun Mohiyuddin
2. Mir Ahmed Ali Khan
3. Mahmad Shah
4. Akbar Hyderi
Ans.2
24. Second Visalandhra conference was held in the year:
1. 1951 2. 1952
3.1953 4.1954
Ans.4
25. Second visalandhra conference held at:
1. Warangal
2. Hyderabad
3. Nizamabad
4. Hanumakonda •
Ans.2
26. States Re-organisation commission (S.R.C) was established on:
1. 22nd November, 1953
2. 22nd December, 1953
3. 22nd December, 1952
4. 22nd November, 1952
Ans.2
27. The chairman of states Re-organisation commission?
1. Sayyed Fazl Ali
2. S.KDhar
3. J.V.P.
4. Patel
Ans.1
28. The members of states Re-organisation commission
1. Dr.Pannalal 2. H.N.Kunjru
3. KM.Panikkar 4. 2 and 3
Ans.4
29. The states Re-organisation commission submitted its report on :
1. 30th November, 1954
2. 30th September, 1954
3. 30th September, 1955
4. 30th September, 1956
Ans.3
30. The states Re-organisation commission visited Hyderabad in the year ?
1. 1953 2. 1954
3. 1955 4. 1956
Ans.2
31. Communists first visalandhra conference held at
1. Warangal
2. Secunderabad
3. Vijayawada
4. Khammam
Ans.2
32. The chairman of first communist visa- landhra conference
1. Swami Ramananda Tirtha
2. Baddam Eella Reddy
3. Ravi Narayana Reddy
4. Paga Pulla Reddy
Ans.3
33. The second communist visalandhra con¬ference held at:
1. Hyderabad
2. Secunderabad
3. Warangal
4. Nizamabad
Ans.1
34. The chairman of second communists visa- r landhra conference :
1. Sri Sri
2. Ravi Narayana Reddy
3. T.Hayagreeva chari 4. Baddam Eella Reddy
Ans.1
35. Gentlemen Agreement reached on the day:
1. 20th April, 1956
2. 20th March, 1956
3. 20th February, 1956
4. 20th February, 1955
Ans.3
36. How many members signed on Gentlemen Agreement ?
1. 10 2. 6
3. 12 4.8
Ans.4
37. At which place Gentlemen Agreement was reached?
1. Hyderabad , 2. Delhi
l 3. Calcutta
4. Vijayawada
Ans.2
38. Hyderabad state chief-minister who signed on Gentlemen Agreement ?
1. Swami Ramananda Tirtha
2. KV.Ranga Reddy
3. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
4. Marri Chenna Reddy
Ans.3
39. The chairman of Hyderabad state con¬gress committee who signed on Gentlemen Agreement?
1. J.V. Narsinga Rao
2. Marri Chenna Reddy
3. K.V. Ranga Reddy
4. Swami Ramananda Tirtha
Ans.1
40. The chief minister of Andhra area who signed on Gentleman Agreement:
1. Bejawada Gopala Reddy ■
2. K.V. Ranga Reddy
3. Gawtu Lachchanna
4. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
Ans.1
41. The deputy chief minister of Andhra area who singed on Gentlemen Agreement:
1. Bejawada Gopala Reddy
2. T.Prakasam Pantulu
3. Gawtu Latchchanna
4. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
Ans.4
42. The Andhra state congress president who signed on Gentlemen Agreement ?
1. Gawtu Lachchanna
2. Alluri Satyanarayana
3. Kaleswara Rao
4. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
Ans.2
43. Telangana members who signed on Gentlemen Agreement ?
1. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao
2. J.V. Narasinga Rao
3. K.V. Ranga Reddy, Marri Chenna Reddy
4. All the above
Ans.4
44. Members of Andhra state who signed on Gentlemen Agreement ?
1. Bejawada Gopala Reddy
2. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
3. Gowthu Latchchanna
4. All of the above
Ans.4
45. All the eight members who signed on Gentlemen Agreement belongs to which party?
1. Congress .
2. Socialist
3. Communist
4. All the above
Ans.1
46. The formation day of Andhra Pradesh
1. 1st December, 1956
2. 1st November, 1956
3. 1st October, 1956 I 4. 1st September, 1956
Ans.2
47. The first governor of Andhra Pradesh.
1. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
2. C. Rajagopalachari
3. C. M.TVivedi
4. Sarada Devi
Ans.3
48. The first chief minister of Andhra Pradesh.
1. Bejawada Gopala Reddy
2. Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
3. T.Prakasam Pantulu
4. Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
Ans.2
49. The first deputy chief minister of Andhra Pradesh.
1. P.V.Narasimha Rao
2. Damodaram Sanjeevaiah
3. Marri Chenna reddy
4. K.V.Ranga Reddy
Ans.4
50. The committee indicated the name Andhra Pradesh for the regions of Andhra and Telangana
1. Select Committee
2. Law Committee
3. Dhar Committee ’
4. Kunjru Committee
Ans.1