Analogy Reasoning Material for All Competitive Exams | PDF Download

Contents

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analogy

Simple Analogy

Analogy means ‘correspondence’. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. Analogy tools are therefore meant to test one’s ability to reason – how far you are able to compare and comprehend the relationship that exists between two objects, things or figures.

Verbal analogy measures the ability to understand the relationship between two given words or group of letters, presented in abbreviated form. See the following example.

Moon : Satellite : : Earth : Planet

This abbreviated form conveys the idea that moon is related to satellite in the same way as the earth is related to planet.

Look for the Kinds of Relationship

There are many possibilities in establishing a relationship. Here are some useful points on the basic knowledge required for the test.

Worker and Product

Example: Carpenter : Furniture : : Mason : Wall Carpenter makes Furniture and Mason builds a Wall.

Worker and Tool Relationship

Example: Woodcutter : Axe : : Soldier : Gun

Axe is the tool used by a Woodcutter, likewise a Soldier uses a Gun to shoot.

Tool and Action

Example: Pen : Write : : Knife : Cut

Pen is used for Writing and Knife is used for Cutting

Worker and Working Place

Example: Farmer : Field : : Doctor : Hospital

A Farmer works on a Field while a Doctor works in a Hospital.

Product and Raw Material

Example: Cloth : Fibre : : Petrol : Crude Oil

Cloth is made of Fibre and Petrol is extracted from Crude oil.

Quantity and Unit

Example: Length : Metre : : Distance : Light Year

Metre is the unit of Length and Light year is the unit of Distance.

Instrument and Measurement

Example: Barometer : Pressure : : Speedometer : Speed

Barometer is used to measure Pressure. Speedometer is used to measure Speed.

Study and Topic

Example: Botany : Plants : : Ornithology : Birds

Botany is the study of Plants, Ornithology is the study of Birds.

Animal and Young Ones

Example: Cat : Kitten : : Dog : Puppy

Kitten is the young one of a Cat and Puppy is the young one of a Dog.

Male and Female

Example: Son : Daughter : : Nephew : Niece

Word and Synonym

Example: Mend : Repair : : House : Home

Word and Antonym

Example: Ignore : Notice : : Friend : Foe

Word and Intensity

Example: Anger : Rage : : Joy : Ecstasy

Rage is greater degree of Anger and Ecstasy is greater degree of Joy.

Alaphebet Analogy

There is another kind of analogy that can be asked in this section. In this type of question, two groups of letters related to each other in some way are given. The candidate is required to find this relationship and choose a group of letters which is related in the same way to a third group provided in the question.

Example – NFK : PHM : : AXH : ?

(1) BYI (2) ZWG (3) CZJ (4) DAK(5) YVF

Sol. (3) Each letter of the first group is moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the second group. A similar relationship will exist between the third and the fourth groups.

Analogy Reasoning Material for All Competitive Exams (Download Pdf)