Telangana history in Telugu Introduction
విషయ సూచిక
గ్రూప్ -1 తెలంగాణ సిలబస్
Telangana History Viriyala Dynasty
Telangana History Viriyala Dynasty
Among the many dynasties who served the Kakatiyas devotedly, the Viriyala dynasty was a prominent one. They were chiefs of army of Kakatiyas and they described themselves as the descendants of Durjaya dynasty, like Kakatiyas, in their inscriptions. The Viriyala dynasty continued as subordinate/feudatory rulers for Rashtra kutas, Kalyani Chalukyas and Kakatiyas for around 600 years. They were related to Kakatiya and Malyala dynasties. Their history is reconstructed through ‘Gudur’, Moripirala, Kalukur, Pammi and Rayaparty inscriptions issued by them¬selves. According to their inscriptions, the founder of their dynasty was Poranti Venna.
Poranti Venna
According to the ‘Gudur1 inscription, after several kings in the, Durjaya dynasty Poraftti Venna was bom. It seems that he was an army chief under the Rashtrakutas.
Erra Bhupati
Erra Bhupati, son of Poranti Venna, succeeded his father as the chief of army of Rashtrakutas, according to Gudur inscription.
Bhima
After Erra Bhupati, his son Bhima became famous as the army chief of Rashtrakutas. The Gudur inscription compared him with the Bhima of Pandavas
Erra Narendra
Erra Narendra was the son of Bhima. During his period, Tailapa-II defeated the Rashtrakuta dynasty and occupied their kingdom Sura Senani
Sitra senani
Sura senani had become famous after Erra Narendra. According to the Gudur inscription, Sura senani killed Kataya nayaka and made a person called Rawanrupa as the ruler of Velpugonda
Betana
Betana was the son of Sura senani. His details were given in Moripirala, Katukuru and Gudur inscriptions. His wife was Bejjamamba. He had four sons- Sura, Malla, Prola and Komma. They were very small by the time Betana died. So, Nagasani, wife of Betana’s cousin Prolasenani came from Rembarti to Pammi along with her sons Malraju and Mummadinayaka, according to the Moripirala inscriptions.
Rudramaraju, Surannapati and Malla Chamoopati
The name of Rudramaraju belonging to the Viriyala dynasty was mentioned in the Rayaparty inscription but his details were unknown. The katukur inscription gave details of the sons of Betana.
Annaya and Mylama
The Mylama inscription gave details about Annaya senani, son of Malla senani and his wife Aitama. The daughter of Annaya and Aitama was Mylama. She married the famous chounda senani of Malyala dynasty. Mylama issued the Katukur inscription, which reveals the histories of Viriyala and Malyala dynasties; Annaya senani was a con-temporary of Rudradeva, Mahadeva and Ganapatideva. The history of Viriyala dynasty after him was not found.
Bit Bank
★ How many years the people Viriyala dynasty con-tinued as commander-in-chiefs of army: • Nearly Six hundred years
★ Viriyala people served as Commander-in-chiefs with which dynasty or dynasties? – Rastrakutas, Kalyani Chalukyas and Kakatiyas
★ The inscriptions which informs about the history of Viriyala dynasty: – Guduru, Moripiraala, Katukuru, Pammi, Rayaparty
★ Who is the primogenitor of Viriyala dynasty? Poranti Venna
★ In their inscriptions Viriyala people claimed that they are the descendants of: . – Durjaya
★ The son of Poranti Venna: – Erra Bhupati
★ Erra bhupati served as a Commander-in-chief to whom? – Rastrakutas
★ Who served as Commander-in-chief of Rashtra kutas after erra bhupati? – Bhima
★ According to Guduru inscription, Erra bhima is equal to whom? . Bhima among Pandavas
★ After Bhima who became the Commander-in¬chief of army? . Erra Narendra
★ Who destroyed and occupied the Rashtrakuta kingdom during the period of Erra Narendra? – Tailapa-II
★ Who became famous after Erra Narendra in Viriyala dynasty? – Sura senani
★ The son of Sura senani: – Betana
★ Name of the wife of Betana: . Bejjamamba
★ The sons of Betana: • – Sura, Malla, Prola and Komma
★ Rayaparty inscription mentioned about: – Rudramaraja
★ Which inscription described about Surannapati and Mallasenani who are the sons of Betana? – Katukuru inscription
★ The son of Malla senani: . Annaya Senani
★ What is the name of the wife of Annaya senani? – Aithama
★ The daughter of Annaya senani and Aitama: – Mailama
★ With whom Mailama marriage was performed? – Chaunda senani, who is a famous person in Malyala dynasty
★ The inscription issued by Mailama: • Katukuru inscription
★ The contemporaries of Annaya senani: • Rudra deva, Mahadeva and Ganapati deva
Objective Bits
1.Viriyala dynasty people served as Commander-in-chiefs of army with whom?
1. Rastrakutas 2. Kalyani Chalukyas
3. Kakatiyas 4. All the above
Ans. 4
2. How many years Viriyala people served as Commander-in-chiefs of army with three dynasties?
1. 500 years 2. 600 years
3. 400 years 4. 550 years
Ans. 2
3. Who is the primogenitor of Viriyala dynasty?
1. Poranti Venna 2. Betana
3. Malla Senani 4. Bhima
Ans. 1
4. According Guduru inscription, who is equal to Bhima among Pandavas?
1. Rudrama raju 2. Malla chamupati 3. Bhima senani 4. Annaya senani
Ans. 3
5. The ‘Viriyala family member, who killed kataya nayaka and installed a person called Rawanrupudu in Velpugonda:
1. Sura senani 2. Betana
3. Erra Bhupati 4. Poranti Venna
Ans. 1
6. Which inscription mentioned about Betana who is a son of Sura senani?
1. Moripirala 2. Katukuru
3. Guduru 4. All the above
Ans. 4
7. Among the following who is the Contemporary of Annaya senani?
1. Rudra deva 2. Mahadeva
3, Ganapati deva 4. All the above
Ans. 4
8. The sons of Betana:
1. Sura 2. Malla
3. Prola, Komma 4. All the above
Ans. 4
Telangana History Musunuri Nayakas
Telangana History Musunuri Nayakas
The chief sources of Musunuri family history are the Vilasa’ copper inscription of Prolaya nayaka and the ‘Polavaram’ inscription of Kapayanayaka. In 1323 A.D., Mohammed Bin Tuglaq defeated the Kakatiyas and began the rule of Muslims. After the fall of Kakatiya kingdom, the Kamma, Reddy and Velama dynasties established independent kingdoms. The Kamma community founded the Musunuri nayaka kingdom with Rekhapalli (Bhadrachalam taluq) as their capital. In the revolt against Muslim rule in the Deccan, the Musunuri riayakas played a key role. The ‘Kaluvacheru’ inscription of Anitalli reveals that 75 nayakas came together under the leadership of Prolaya nayaka to save the Andhradesa from Muslim rule.
Prolaya nayaka was helped by his cousin Kapaya nayaka, Prolaya vemareddy, Recharla Singama nayaka and Kolani Rudradeva in this movement.
Prolaya nayaka (1325-1333 A.D.)
Prolaya nayaka was the founder of Musunuri nayaka kingdom. His father’s name was Pothi nayaka. The capital of Musunuri dynasty was Rekhapalli (Bhadrachalam).
‘Vilasa’ copper inscription narrates the victories and valor of Prolaya nayaka. Prolaya nayaka donated the ‘vilasa’ village of Amalapuram taluq in 1330 A.D. to Vennayya, son of Annayya mantri of Bharadwaja gotra and issued the Vilasa inscription. As Prolaya nayaka had no offspring, his cousin Kapayanayaka succeeded him as ruler.
Kapaya nayaka (1383-1368 AM.)
Kapaya nayaka was the son of Devanayaka (brother of Prolayanayaka’s father) and played a prominent part in the establishment of Musunuri kingdom in Rekhapalli and in chasing away the Muslim rulers. He ruled Orugallu region previously and to took the titles of ‘Andhra Desadhiswara’ and ‘Andhra Suratrana’. Kapaya nayaka helped the Bahmani leader ‘Hasan Gangu’ in establishing the Bahmani kingdom. But later, in 1350 Hasan Gangu tried to conquer Warangal and sent an army led by Sikander Khan. Sikander Khan defeated Kapaya nayaka and occupied Nizamabad (koulas fort). Kapaya nayaka was also defeated by Singama nayaka of Recharla Padma nayakas in a conflict, According to the ‘Ganapeswara’ inscription, Kapaya nayaka again gained upper hand on Recharla Padma nayaka rulers in 1346. The Pillalamarri and Ganape swara inscriptions called Kapayanayaka with the title- ‘Anumaganti Puravaradhiswara’.
But in 1356, Kapaya nayaka was again attacked and defeated by the Bahmani ruler; and had to offer the Bhuvanagiri fort into Bahmani Sultan to make peace with him. In 1368, Anavota nayaka, Recharla Padma nayaka ruler fought with Kapaya nayaka in the ‘Bhimavaram’ battle, and killed him. With that the Musunuri dynasty ended. Kapaya nayaka issued the ‘Polavaram’ inscription. In the ‘pentapadu’ inscription issued by Chadaparti king, names of Prolaya and Kapaya nayaka were mentioned. Muslim rulers called Kapaya nayaka as ‘Krishna nayak’ Kanya nayak and Kaba nayudu’.
Bit Bank
★ Who is the founder of Musunuri Nayaka kingdom? – Prolaya nayaka
★ The capital of Musunuri nayakas: • Rekhapalli (Bhadrachalam taluq)
★ The ruling period of Musunuri nayakas; –1326-1369 A.D.
★ The inscriptions which tells about the history of Musunuri nayakas:- Polavaram, Kaluvacheru and Ganapeswar inscriptions
★ Name of the title got Prolaya nayaka for the fighting against muslims in the liberation movement: –Andhra Bhumandaladhyaksha Simhasana
★ The inscription which informs about the victories of Prolaya nayaka: – Vilasa Copper edict
★ Who occupied the throne after Prolaya nayaka? – Kapaya nayaka
★ The titles of Kapaya nayaka: – Andhra Suratrana, Andhra Desadhiswara
★ The capital of Kapaya nayaka: – Orugallu
★ At first Musumui nayakas were the feudatory kipgs of: – Kakatiyas
★ Who occupied Warangal, after the downfall of Musunuri nayaka dynasty? – Recharla Padma nayakas
★ The last ruler in Musunuri dynasty: – Kapaya nayaka
★ The inscription which says that 75 members of Andhra nayakas served under Kapaya nayaka: – Anitalli ‘kaluvacheru’ inscription
★ The son of Prolaya nayaka who died in the war of ‘Velam pattam’ against Bahmani king Mohammed Shah-I: – Vinayaka deva
★ In which year Prolaya nayaka laid the Vilasa copper edict: –1330 A.D.
★ Who is caused to inscribe the Polavaram inscription? – Kapaya nayaka
★ The inscription of PillalamaJrfi and Ganapeswara. referred Kapaya nayaka with which title? – Anumaganti Puravaradhiswara
★ In which year Recharla Padma nayaka king Anavota nayaka killed Kapaya nayaka in the ’Bhimavaram’ war near Orugallu? –1388 AD.
Objective Bits
1.Who established the dynasty of Musunuri nayaka?
1. Prolaya nayaka
2. Kapaya nayaka
3. Deva nayaka
4. Pothi nayaka
Ans. 1
2. The capital of Musunuri nayaka kingdom?
1. Orugallu 2. Rekhapalli *
3. Rachakonda 4. Kaulas fort
Ans. 2
3. Musunuri nayakas were the feudatory kings of:
1. Reddy kings
2. Recharla Padma nayakas
3. Kakatiyas
4. Bahmani sultans
Ans. 3
4. The ruling period of Musunuri nayakas:
1. 1326-1369 A.D.
2. 1335-1359 A.D.
3. 1314-1345 A.D.
4. 1326-1376 A.D.
Ans. 1
5. The last one in Musunuri dynasty:
1. Kapaya nayaka
2. Prolaya nayaka
3. Pothi nayaka
4. Deva nayaka
Ans. 1
6. In the year 1368, who killed Kapaya nayaka in ‘Bhimavaram war?
1. Singama nayaka -I
2. Sarvajna Singabhupala
3. Anavota nayaka -II
4. Anavota nayaka -I
Ans. 4
7. Who occupied Warangal after the downfall of Musunuri nayaka dynasty?
1. Reddy kings
2. Kakatiyas .
3. Recharla Padma nayakas
4. Bahmani Sultans
Ans. 3
8. The inscription which informing about the history of Musunuri nayakas:
1. Polavaram
2. Kaluva cheru
3. Vilasa copper edict
4. All the above
Ans. 4
9. Musunuri nayakas who ruled Telangana region with titles like ‘Andhra Desadhiswara, Andhra Suratrana’:
1. Kapaya nayaka
2. Prolaya nayaka
3. Deva nayaka
4. Meda nayaka
Ans. 1
10. Who issued the vilasa copper edict while donating the village called ‘vilasa’ in Amalapuram to Vennaya:
1. Kapaya nayaka 2. Prolaya nayaka
3. Pothi nayaka 4. Deva nayaka
Ans. 2
11 When did Musunuru nayaka dynasty came to an end?
1. 1368 A.D.
2.1370A.D.
3. 1372A.D.
4. 1374A.D.
Ans. 1
12. The inscription which informs about the victories of Prolaya nayaka:
1. Kaluvacheru 2. Polavaram
3. Pentapadu 4. Vilasa copper edict
Ans. 4
Telangana History of Gond Kings (OR) Gonowana Kingdom (1220-1750 A.D.)
Telangana History of Gond Kings (OR) Gonowana Kingdom (1220-1750 A.D.)
Gonds were one of the Scheduled Tribes of India, They are living in the Northern region of river Godavari upto Vindhya and Satpura mountains and the valleys of rivers Narmada and Tapati; in the forests of Bastar in Chattisgarh; and in Adilabad district of Telangana region. People who speak the Gondu and Koitur languages are called as Gondu tribe people. There are branches in this tribe. Gonds living in the Adilabad district are called as Dhurvey Gonds and the rest are called as Royal or Raja Gonds. As they were the rulers of their ..dynasty once, they were called as Royal Gonds. Gonds in the Chanda, Ballaharsha and Yatmal districts of Maharashtra and Gonds in the Adilabad district of Telangana belong to the same tribe. Their ancestors founded a kingdom in Chanda and Ballaharsha districts and another in Adilabad and ruled them. The Adilabad kingdom was founded in 1220 A.D.
Adilabad Gond kingdom (1220-1750 A.D.)
‘ Though administrative systems were established among the Gonds as far back as 870 A.D;, the first Gond kingdom of Adilabad was founded in 1220 A.D., the history of which was available. This was established by a Gond called Kolkhil.
Kolkhil (1220-1240 AD.)
Some tribes from Maharashtra began to migrate to Adilabad region in 12th century A.D. As this was not agreeable to him Kolkhil united all the Gonds of Adilabad region and established a kingdom in 1220. It’s capital Was Sirpur of Adilabad district.
Kolkhil trained several Gond young men in handling weapons and other skills and made them into war-riors. Beside their kingdom, Naga tribals of mana dynasty had established a kingdom 200 years previ-ously in Vairaghar. Kolkhil invaded their kingdom and merged it into their kingdom. With this the Gond kingdom at Sirpur strengthened. Kolkhil was a contemporary of Kakatiya Ganapatideva. Gond kingdom flourished along with the Kakatiyas, Musunuru, Recharla padmanayakas, Bahmani, Golkonda, Moghul and Asaf-Jahi dynasties until 1750 A.D. Gonds ruled the Adilabad region for 530 years. Their royal symbol was the lion and their family name was ‘Singh’.
Bhim Bhallal Singh (1240-1262 A.D.)
Bhim Bhallal Singh succeeded Kolkhil as Gond ruler. He built a strong fort at Sirpur; admitted a lot of youngmen into the army; won over the neighboring regions, expanded and strengthened the Gondwana kingdom. During his reign, the Gondwana kingdom settled down and became powerful. He also was a contemporary of Kakatiya Ganapatideva.
Khurda Bhallal Singh
Khurda Bhallal Singlr, son of Bhim Bhallal Singh, succeeded him. As he was a peace loving ruler, no battles were fought during his reign. He developed the kingdom in financial, social and cultural fields, observed pious days and festivals of Gonds religiously and regularised the life styles of Gonds. He was a contemporary of Kakatiya Rudr amadevi.
Hira Singh
Hira Singh, son of Khurda Bhallal Singh succeeded him as ruler. He advised the kingdom into small regions; built forts in every region; and appointed men to lead them. He also arranged for the chiefs of forts, and their employees to collect taxes from people and to sent it to the king’s exchequer. With this, the kingdom earned a steady income and became prosperous financially. He also intro¬duced administrative reforms for the benefit of people and had become very famous. He was a contemporary of Kakatiya Prataparudra-II.
Andea Bhallal Singh
Andea, son of Heera Singh came to rule after his father and harassed people by increasing taxes and several other practices. People revolted against his rule and died very early.
Talwar Singh
Andea’s son Talwar Singh succeeded his father, he was a good ruler; gave relief and freedom to peo¬ple who were harassed under his father. He depended upon his ministers in the administration of the kingdom. His minister and chiefs of forts misused his confidence; harassed people and increased taxes again. They created their own armies and got ready to declare independence. Talwar Singh could not control them. So, he made his son Kesar Singh ruler of the kingdom and retired.
Kesar Singh
As Kesar Singh was courageous, he fought bat¬tles with the chiefs of forts who turned against his father, and suppressed them. He reduced taxes; focussed on agricultural sector and provided irrigation facilities like ponds and dug drinking water wells. He also introduced administrative reforms again and gained the respect of people.
Dinakar Singh
Dinakar Singh, son of Kesar Singh, succeeded him. He was a patron of literature and arts and
patronised several musicians and Marathi scholars of Maharashtra. Marathi literature flourished under his rule. He also observed all festivals and tradition¬al rituals of Gonds. His period was called as the golden era of Gondwana kingdom.
Dinakar Singh
Dinakar Singh, son of Kesar Singh, succeeded him. He was a patron of literature and arts and
patronised several musicians and Marathi scholars of Maharashtra. Marathi literature flourished under his rule. He also observed all festivals and tradition¬al rituals of Gonds. His period was called as the golden era of Gondwana kingdom.
Ram Singh
Ram Singh, son of Dinakar Singh came to rule after his father. He built a number of forts; converted forest regions into agricultural fields; transferred their responsibility to the chiefs of forts, and established new villages. The villages and agricultural fields flourished and his kingdom achieved financial progress. He also transformed Sirpur into a good city. As the kingdom expanded, the number of his feudatory rulers increased. He named his subordi¬nate rulers as ‘Tarvekas’. ’
Nurja Bhallal Singh
Nurja Bhallal Singh, son of Ram Singh ruled between 1405 and 1437A.D. He was a contemporary of Bahmani Sultans Feroz Shah and Ahmed Shah and Anavotha Nayaka, Madanayaka and Sarvajna Singama Nayaka of Padmanayaka dynasty which ruled the Rachakonda kingdom.
Nuija Bhallal Singh went to Varanasi and Lucknow to get training in military and administra¬tive skills. During that period, his underlings pil¬laged the kingdom, upon which, the Sultan of Delhi captured and took Bhallal Singh as a prisoner to Delhi. This information was given to his deputy namely Jarba. jarba took his army to Delhi to free Bhallal Singh. Meanwhile the daughter of Delhi Sultan requested her father to release Bhalla Singh. Then the Sultan of Delhi asked for his military serv¬ices to fight against his enemies. Bhallal Singh agreed to this and fought with the enemies of Sultan and defeated with the help of the army brought along by Jarba. In exchange for this, the Sultan gave the title of ‘Shershah’ to Bhallal Singh and sent him back to his kingdom and also presented him with some more land bordering the Gondwana kingdom. Later, descendants of Bhallal Singh also used the title Shershah.
Khandia Bhallal Shah
Khandia, son of Nurja Bhallal Shah ruled between 1437 and 1462 A.D. As his wife fell ill and doctors advised her to change her residence to places other than Sirpur; he built a town called Bhallalpur after his name on the banks of river Vine Ganga and lived there with his wife. That Bhallalpur is today’s Ballaharsha in Maharashtra. He later established another town called Chandrapur (today’s Chanda) and changed his capital from Sirpur to there.
Heer Shah
Khandia’s son Heer Shah succeeded him as the ruler. He brought about changes in the travel sys¬tem, and announced subordinate kingdoms for Travels who bring the forest lands under cultivation. Later he gave titles like ‘nayakas’ to his subordi¬nate rulers. During his reign, land under cultivation increased and state progressed financially. He also encouraged people and leaders to dig ponds to pro¬vide water for irrigating agricultural fields. He issued am edict that he would donate land to anyone who dug ponds; also gave pattas for the forest land brought under cultivation. Thus through his encour¬agement and generosity this land and people pros¬pered and flourished. After Heer Shah, a rulers ruled the kingdom with Chandrapur as their capital. Among them Babaji’Bhallal Shah ruled between 1572 and 1592 A.D. Ram Shah rule^ between 1672 and 1735A.D. and Neelkanth Shah ruled between 1735 and 1751 A.D. Neelkanth Shah was the last ruler of Gondwana kingdom. He had conflicts with the Maharashtrians, in one of which he was cap¬tured as a prisoner by Raghoji Bhonsley who merged the*Gondwana kingdom into Maratha kingdom. With that the era of Gondwana kingdom ended after 530 years of rule.
Later on some Gond subordinate rulers and leaders became Zamindars; some were appointed by the Marathas as Deshmukhs and Deshpandeys. During the Anglo-Maratha wars, Maharashtrians were defeated and became the subordinate rulers of the English. Their regions were converted into the Berar state/province and were given to the Nizam ruler. Thus the Gondwana region of Adilabad became a part of Nizam state. Some royal Gond fam¬ilies are living in the Utnoor and Kanchanpally. vil¬lages (Adilabad Dist) even today.
Some believe that the Gonds were the Pulinda tribe people mentioned ,in the stone inscriptions of
Ashoka. Gonds built 21 forts at kienhur/Asifabad, Laksettipet, Bodh, Adilabad, Utnoor, Sirpur, Tandur, Manikghar, Ballaharsha, Chandrapur, Yatmal, Nirmal, Jakut and Khinapur. The ruins of those forts can be seen today at many places. The Gondwana kingdom
which flourished with 22 forts in Adilabad, Ballaharsha and Chanda districts between 1220 and 1751 A.D. ended thus. The Adilabad district continued nnder the Nizam rule until 1948.
Bit Bank
★ The people who will speak Gondu and Koyitu languages are called as: – Gonds
★ The Gonds other than Dhurve Gonds in Adilabad are called as: – Raja Gonds
★ When was established the Gondu kingdom in Adilabad? –1220 A.D.
★ Who was the founder of Gondu kingdom? – Kolkhil
★ What is the capital of Gond kingdom in Adilabad? – Sirpur
★ The reign of Kolkhil: –1220 -1240 A.D.
★ How many years the region of Adilabad district was under the rule of Gond kingdom? – About 530 years
★ What is the royal sign of Gonds? – Lion
★ What is the dynasty name of Gonds? • Singh
★ Who came to the power after Kolkhil? – Bhim Bhallal Singh
★ The reign of Bhim Bhallal Singh: –1240-1262 A.D.
★ Bhim Bhallal Singh was the contemporary of: – Kakati Ganapatideva
★ In whose period, the life style of Gonds have been regularised? – Khurda Bhallal Singh
★ Khurda Bhallal Singh was the contemporary of: – Kakati Rudramadevi
★ Who ruled the kingdom after Khurda Bhallal Singh? – Hira Singh
★ Who introduced the administrative reforms for the facility of the people? – Hira Singh
★ Hira Singh was the contemporary of: – Kakati Prataparudra-II
★ Whose period of Gond kings, Praised as golden ‘ age ? – Dinakar Singh
★ Who ruled the kingdom after Dinakar Singh? – Ram Singh
★ Ram Singh called his feudatory kings as: Tarvekas
★ Who ascended the throne after Ram Singh? – Nurja Bhallal Singh (Son of Ram Singh)
★ The ruling period of Nuxja Bhallal Singh: –1405 – 1437 A.D.
★ Nurja Bhallal Singh was the contemporary of: I” – Bahmani Sultan Feroz Shah and AhmedShah
★ The title of Ninja Bhallal Singh: – Sher Shah
★ The son of Nurja Bhallal Singh: – Khandiya Bhallal Shah
★ The ruling period of Khandia Bhallal Shah: . –1437 – 1462A.D.
★ Who became the king after Khandia BhallalShah? –Hirsha
★ After Hirsha how many people ruled the kingdom Chandrapur as the capital? – Nine
★ The last king of Gonds: – Nilakanta Shah
★ The ruling period of Nilakanta Shah: –1735 -1751 A.D
Objective Bits
1 When did Gond kingdom was established?
1. 1220A.D. 2. 1230A.D.
3. 1240A.D. 4. 1250A.D.
Ans. 1
2. In which district of Telangana Gond king-dom was established?
1. Nalgonda 2. Adilabad
3. Karimnagar 4. Medak
Ans. 2
3. Who will be called as the founder of Gond kingdom?
1. Kolkhil • 2. Bhallal Singh
3. Hirshah 4. Hira Singh
Ans. 1
4. How many years Gonds ruled the Adilabad region?
1. Nearly 500 years
2. Nearly 510 years.
3. Nearly 520 years
4. Nearly 530 years
Ans. 4
5. The ruling period of Bhim Bhallal Singh:
1. 1220-1242 A.D.
2. 1225-1242 A.D.
3. 1240-1262A.D.
4. 1235-1250 A.D.
Ans. 3
6. Who is the contemporary of Kakati Rudra among Gond kings?
1. Khurda Bhallal Singh
2. Hira Singh
3. Bhim Bhallal Singh
4. Hirsha
Ans. 1
7. Who came to the power after Hira Singh?
1. Talwar Singh
2. Andea Bhallal Singh
3. Kesar Singh
4. Dinakar Singh
Ans. 2
8. In which period, the Marathi literature have been developed?
1. Dinakar Singh 2. Kesar Singh 3. Talwar Singh 4. Hira Singh
Ans. 1
9. The name given by Ram Singh for his feudatory kings:
1. Jarbas 2. Tarvekas ■
3. Nayakas 4. Sultans
Ans. 2
10. Nurja Bhallal Singh was the contemporary of:
1. Feroz Shah, Ahmed Shah
2. Meda nayaka
3. Anavota nayaka-II
4. All the above
Ans. 4
11 In which town Nurja Bhallal Singh received military training?
1. Kasi 2. Lucknow
3. 1 & 2 4. Delhi
Ans. 3
12. The ruling period of Khandiya Bhallal Shah:
1. 1437-1462 A.D.
2. 1448-1462 A.D.
3. 1427-1442 A.D.
4. 1438-1478 A.D.
Ans. 1
13. The son of Khandiya Bhallal Shah: .
1. Hirshah 2. Bhima
3. Ram Shah 4, Dindiya
Ans. 2
14.Gond king who gave the titles called Nayakas to his feudatory kings:
1. Ram Shah 2. Hirshah
3. Lokhilla 4. Bhima
Ans. 1
15. After Hirshah, how many Gond kings ruled the Gond kingdom?
1. 7 ‘ 2.8
3.9 4.10
Ans. 3
16. Who wiU be called as last Gond king?
1. Nilakanta Shah
2. Ram Shah
3. Dindiya
4. Karan Shah
Ans. 1
17. In how many places Gonds constructed strong forts?
1.20 2.21
3. 22 4. 23
Ans. 3
18. At present Raja Gonds living in which vil-lages?
1. Utnoor 2. Kanchanpally
3. Chennuru 4. 1 & 2
Ans. 4
19. When did the Gondwana kingdom came to an end?
1. 1750A.D. * 2. 1760A.D.
3. 1770A.D. 4.1780A.D.
Ans. 1
20. How many years the rule of Gonds contin-ued?
1. 520 years 2. 530 years
3. 540 years 4. 550 years
Ans. 2
Telangana History Polavasa Royal dynasty (1080-1160A.D)
Telangana History Polavasa Royal dynasty (1080-1160A.D)
Four generations of kings ruled as the subordi¬nate/feudatory kings of Kalyani Chalukya between 1080 and 1160 A.D., with ‘Polavasa’ as their capi¬tal; They were called as the Polavasa royal dynasty and also as the Lengonda dynasty. There is a vil¬lage called Polas at 6 kins, distance to Jagityal of Karimnagar district. This was the Polavasa of Kalyani Chalukya period. Beside them, Kakatiyas in Warangal district were, also subordinate rulers of Kalyani Chalukyas. These two dynasties main¬tained friendship from the beginning. The Polavasa kingdom bordered river Godavari and extended from Polavasa to Narsampet. 12 inscriptions of their period were found to reconstruct their history. They nar¬rated the relations between these kings and the early kings of Kakatiyas Beta, Prolaraju-II and Rudradeva. An inscription of ll22 A.D. found in Govindapuram of Narsampet Taluq, Warangal district, narrates the family tree of Polavasa kings. According to this, the founder of Polavasa dynasty was Madhava varma or Madhava Chakravarti. Later king Durgaraja and some oth¬ers were ruled until 1080 A.D. But their details were unknown. After them, names of Medaraju-I, Jaggadeva-I, Medaraju-II, Gundaraju and Jaggaraju-II were mentioned.
Medaraju-1 (1080-1110 A.D.)
First inscription that mentioned his name was found in Banajipet of Narsampet taluq. In it, he was described as subordinate king of Mahamanda- leswara, Ugravadi, Medarasa, Paschima Chalukya, feudatory of Tribhuvana malla Vikramaditya-VI; and that he built the ‘Veerakamala Jain temple’. It also says that Medaraja belonged to the Venugontakula dynasty of Madhava Varma and a subordinate king. Another inscription of 1108 A.D., written on the pillar of Pulasteswara temple at Polavasa also mentioned Medaraja. It says that he had a title- ‘Lattaluru Puravaradheeswara’ and that he owned golden eagle flag. This reveals that he had relations with the Rashtrakuta dynasty. This also reveals that the Polavasa and Kakatiya dynas¬ties worked as army chiefs and officers under the Rashtrakutas; and Polavasas were gifted . Karimnagar region and Kakatiyas were gifted the Warangal region in exchange for their services. After the fall of Rashtrakuta kingdom, these two dynas¬ties had become subordinate rulers of Kalyani Chalukyas and continued as Mahamandaleswaras of their regions.
Jaggadeva-I (1110-1116 A.D.)
Jaggadeva ruled for a very short time. The town of ‘Jagityal’ was built after his name, according to experts. He had two sons called Medaraja and Gundaraja. They shared the Polavasa kingdom after the death of their father. Medaraja became the king of the main part with Polavasa as his capital and Gundaraja became the ruler of the second part with his capital at Mantrakuta (Manthena of today). Only one inscription of Jaggadeva’s period was found at Medapally of Narsampeta taluq. This inscription was issued in 1112 A.D. It says that Jaggadeva won victories in 21 battles.
Medaraja-II (1116-1159 AD)
Medaraja-II was the contemporary of Kakatiya Prolaraja-II. 6 inscriptions of his period were found. The inscription at Padmakshi temple at Hanumakonda (of 1117 A.D.) narrated the details of Medaraja. This was issued by ’Mylama’, wife of Pregada Betana, a minister under Prolaraja-II on the hills of Kadalalaya. She built a Jain arama called ‘kadalalaya Basadi’, donated lands and issued this inscription about them. Mahamandaleswara Medaraja of Madhava Varma dynasty also donated to this arama, according to he inscription. Another inscription of 1122 A.D., nar¬rates that Medaraja and Gundaraja brothers and their minister Nagaraja built temple/arama for ‘Parsvanatha Jina deva’ and made donations for the good of their dead father, Jaggadeva.
Medaraja-II and his younger brother Gundaraja declared independence and issued inscriptions at Polavasa, Medapally and Govindapuram without the names of their sover-eigns. So, the then Chalukya king gave the respon-sibility of suppressing the Pdlavasa rulers to Prolaraja-II. Prom then onwards, conflicts arose between these dynasties. On the orders of his sover¬eign Jagadekamalla-II of Chalukya dynasty, Prolaraja-II invaded the Polavasa kingdom, defeat-ed Medaraja and occupied Polavasa. His victories were narrated in the inscription issued by his son Rudradeva in 1163 A.D. the inscription of Vellanki Gangadhara minister of Rudradeva also described these victories; though it was broken into pieces, the two upper parts were kept in the Rajaraja Narendra library at Hanumakonda. The lower part of the inscription was found near the bus stand at Hanumakonda during routine diggings. It was preserved in the P.G. Centre at Hanumakonda. The above two inscriptions say that Chalukya Jagadeka malla himself went to battlefield to witness the said battles. This battle was fought in 1138 A.D. According to historians. Gundaraja died in it but Medaraja-II escaped.
Prolaraja-II occupied the kingdom of Gundaraja and capital the Mantrakuta. But the Polavasa dynasty did not came under his control. It seems that Medaraja regained his kingdom and ruled. The Hanumakonda inscription mentioned that battle. According to _it, Dommaraja, Myligideva and Medaraja-II joined hands and went to battle with Kakatiya Rudradeva. Dommaraja of Nagunur, Medaraja-II of Polavasa and his son Jaggadeva-II participated in the battle, in which Jaggadeva died and Medaraja was defeated. Medaraja was advised to give his daughter to kakatiya Rudradeva in mar¬riage and to make peace with him, but he refused both. So, Rudradeva chased away Medaraja into forests, burnt the Polavasa town and occupied the kingdom. He built the ‘Prasanna Kesava temple’ at Prasannakonda of Hanumakonda with the money brought from the Polavasa kingdom. Later the Polavasa region merged into the Kakatiya kingdom. In 1160, both the dynasty of Polavasa and their kingdom declined.
Gundaraja (1116-1138 A.D.) .
Gundaraja, younger brother of Medaraja-II ruled the east Polavasa kingdom with Mantrakuta as his capital between 1116 and 1138 A.D. He was the subordinate ruler of Bhulokamalla of Chalukya dynasty. An inscription of his period says that he ruled the Mulugu and Narasannapeta regions of Warangal district independently. The Palampet inscription of 1213 A.D. narrated that Kama, son of Katama, who was sent by Prolaraja-II brought his armies to the kingdom of Gundaraja, defeated him and killed him. After Gundaraja’s death his kingdom merged into the Kakatiya kingdom.
Polavasa rulers built a number of Jain temples and Siva temples. They chiefly built ‘Trikuta’ tem¬ples. A temple built at Nandi maidan of Sultanabad taluq by Medaraja is still standing. Though many temples built in their capitals were destroyed, some like Pulasthewara and Venugopala temples are still standing in good condition.
Bit Bank
★ Where is the village called Polas? 6 k.m. away from Jagityala in karimnagar district
★ The village Polas will be called as: – Polavasa
★ As feudatory kings of Kalyani Chalukyas Polavasa dynasty people ruled the country for how many years?” From 1080 AD. to 1160 A.D.
★ Another name for Polavasa dynasty: – Lengonda dynasty
★ Polavasa kingdom extended from which place to which place: – Polavasa (adjoining to river Godavari) to Narsampeta
★ How many inscriptions are available to know the history of Polavasa dynasty? about 12 inscriptions
★ The inscription which informs about Polavasa dynasty kings was found at which place in 1122 A.D. – Govindapuram (Narsampeta taluq, Warangal dist.)
★ Who is primogenitor of Polavasa dynasty? – Madhava Chakravarti (or) Madhava Varma
★ The first inscription which informs about Meda raju I, found at: – Banqjipeta, Narsampet taluq
★ The inscription, which carved on the pillar of Pulasteswara temple in Polavasa, in the year 1108, mentioned the name of: – Meda Kshamapaiti
★ The title of Meda Kshamapati: ‘ – Lattaluru Pur^varadhiswara
★ The ruling period of Jaggadeva I:-1110-1116 A.D.
★ The inscription which belongs to the period of Jaggadeva found at the place of: – Medapally (Narsampeta taluq)
★ According to the inscription, Jaggadeva became victorious in how many wars? –21
★ The city constructed named after Jaggadeva: – Jagityala
★ The sons of Jaggadeva: – Meda raju- II, Gunda raju
★ Hie ruling period of Meda raju-II: –1116-1159 A.D.
★ Meda raju II was a contemporary of: – Kakatiya prola raju-II
★ The person who caused to inscribe the inscription found at Padmakshi temple in Hanumakonda: – Mylama (wife of Pregada Beta, who is a minister in the court of Prola raju -II)
★ The inscription which informs about the donations made by Meda raju and Gunda raju to Parsvanatha Jaina deva constructed by their minister Nagaraju, with the wish that the bene-fit of the virtuous deed have to be reached to . their father Jaggadeva: – The inscription of 1122 A.D. (Govindapuram, Narsampet taluq)
★ Meda raju and his younger brother Gunda -raju proclaimed independence themself and caused to inscribe inscriptions without the names of Chalukya emperors. Where these inscriptions are available? – Polavasa, Medapally and Govindapuram
★ With whose orders Jagadekamalla waged war against Polavasa and occupied Polavasa after defeating Meda raju? – Prola rqju-II
★ The inscription of 1163 A.D. informs us about the victories of Prolaraju -II against Polavasa kings. Who caused to inscribe this inscription? –Rudradeva
★ Who constructed the Prasanna Kesav temple of Prasanna hill in Hanumakonda? ” Rudradeva
★ Who divided the Polavasa kingdom into two parts and ruled? – Meda raju and Gunda raju
★ Who ruled the main kingdom after the division of Polavasa? – Meda rtyu
★ The capital of Meda raju: –Polavasa
★ The capital of Gunda raju: – Mantrakutam
★ Present name of Mantrakutam: Manthena
★ The ruling period of Gunda raju: (1116-1138 AD).
★ Gunda raju was a feudatory king of: – Bhoolokamalla
★ The inscription of 1213 A.D., says that Kama waged war against Gunda raju with the forces of Prola raju and defeated Gunda raju. What is that inscription? – Palampeta
★ Who drove away Medaraju into forests and burnt the Polavasa kingdom? Rudra deva.
★ Polavasa kingdom along with Polavasa dynasty, came to an end in which year? • 1160 AD.
Objective Bits
1 The ruling period of Polavasa dynasty:
1. 1080 – 1160 A.D. 2. 1100 -1180 A.D.
3. 1050-1140A.D. 4. 1150- 1200A.D.
Ans. 1
2. How many inscriptions are available to know the history of Polavasa dynasty?
1. 10 2. 12 3. 14 4. 16
Ans. 2
3. The inscription which informs about Polavasa kings belongs to which year?
1. 1120A.D. . • 2. 1121A.D.
3. 1122A.D. 4. 1123A.D.
Ans. 3
4. Who will be called as primogenitor of Polavasa family?
1. Madhava Varma 2. Durga raju
3. Meda raju 4. Gunda raju
Ans. 1
5. With whose name Jagityala city was con* structed?
1. Meda raju 2. Gimda raju
3. Jaggadeva 4. Madhava Varma
Ans. 3
6. The first inscription informing about Meda raju-I available at:
1. Banajipeta, Narsampeta Taluq
2. Medapally, Narsampeta Taluq
3. Govindapuram, Narsampeta Taluq
4. Padmakshi temple, Hanumakonda
Ans. 1
7. The reign of Jaggadeva-I:
1. 1080 -1110 A.D. 2. 1110 -1116 A.D.
3. 1116 – 1125 A.D. 4. 1125 – 1151 A.D.
Ans. 2
8. The village Polavasa situated in which dis-trict
1. Karimnagar 2. Warangal
3. Nalgonda 4. Adilabad
Ans. 1
9. When Polavasa kingdom came to an end?
1. 1157 A.D. 2.1158A.D.
3. 1159A.D. 4. 1160A.D.
Ans. 4
10. Who are the sons of Jaggadeva-I?
1. Meda raju 2. Gunda raju
3. 1 & 2 4. Gangadhara
Ans. 3
11 The inscription belongs to the period of Jaggadeva found at Medapally. That inscription belongs to which year?
1.1112A.D. 2. 1114A.D.
3.1116A.D. 4.1118A.D.
Ans. 1
12. How many inscriptions are available to know the history of Meda raju-H?
1.4 2.5
3.6 4. 7
Ans. 3
13. Who occupied Polavasa after defeating Meda raju?
1. Prola raju-II 2. Rudra deva
3. Bijjala 4. Pandu raju
Ans. 1
14 When did Gunda raju, ‘younger brother of Meda raju H ruled Polavasa kingdom with Mantrakuta as the capital?
1. 1110-1125 A.D.
2. 1116-1138A.D.
3. 1125-1138A.D.
4. 1138 -1160 A.D.
Ans. 2
15. When did Polavasa dynasty came to an end?
1. 1140A.D. 2. 1150A.D.
3. 1155A.D. 4. 1160A.D.
Ans. 4